Castleholme consists of the remains of a homestead, slab barn, cottage, stables and associated farm buildings and stockyards with a number of mature trees. It is located in the Brisbane Valley on a northeastern slope, is visible from the Bryden-Crossdale Road and borders the Bryden Catholic Cemetery. The domestic structures are located in a group to the north with the outbuildings forming a southern boundary. Other structures include the remains of a timber laundry shed and a bakehouse, post and rail fencing, a calf pen and cow bails.
","history":"Castleholme was established in the 1870s, following Hugh Conroy's selection and purchase of the then 257 hectare property in 1875. By 1916 a small cedar dwelling at Castleholme had became a rambling, fourteen-roomed house with wide verandahs. By that time the grounds included flowerbeds, shrubs and shade trees, and substantial outbuildings, and the principal activity was dairying. Castleholme remained in the Conroy family until acquired in 1978 by the Co-ordinator General, as part of the Wivenhoe Dam reclamation area. That part of the property not inundated was leased by the Queensland Institute of Technology for use as an experimental building station. The Castleholme homestead complex was identified by the QIT as a conservation area and the interwar cottage was renovated as caretaker accommodation. The QIT (now Queensland University of Technology) maintains the grounds, but not the buildings.
","criteria":"Castleholme is important for its association with the closer settlement of the Bryden area, its development as a dairying district, and with the Conroy family in particular.
|The place also has potential to reveal substrata evidence of the arrangement of a late 19th century dairy farm.
|It survives as a good example of the arrangement of a working farm in southeast Queensland, demonstrating over a century an evolution in function, building type, technology and material.
|Castleholme is significant also for the aesthetic quality of the group of timber buildings and grounds, and for its spatial association with the adjacent St Anne's graveyard.
|Castleholme is significant for its historical association with the adjacent St Anne's graveyard.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion C | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15267,"place_ref":600492,"name":"Bellevue Homestead","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"Bellvue Homestead","suburb":"COOMINYA","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"Bellevue Homestead is located opposite the railway station in Coominya, close to the original entrance to the property. It consists of the main house, which faces northeast and is encircled by verandahs, with a spine of kitchen, stores and servants' hall attached at right angles, forming a T-shaped plan. A caretaker's cottage is attached to the south corner forming a southern courtyard, and a row of stables and barn are located further to the southwest. All buildings are single-storeyed and sit on timber stumps.
The main house comprises two chamferboard buildings which have corrugated iron hipped roofs and are joined by an enclosed verandah breezeway. The older building has a projecting gable porch to the southwest and northeast entrances with a decorative timber barge board, truss and finial, and timber shingles are visible under the corrugated iron sheeting. The plan consists of four rooms with a central hall. The end verandahs have been enclosed to expand the rooms through large archways, the northwest being enclosed with very wide chamferboards. Some rooms are in the process of restoration and show different layers of the building's fabric, including pit sawn framing with mortice and tenon joints and hand finished lining boards. Decorative features include painted woodgrain in the hall, hand painted wall paper, pressed metal ceilings in the drawing room, carved timber fireplace surrounds, casement windows, some of which have coloured glass inserts, step out bays and pressed metal window hoods.
The 1903-04 extension has a projecting gable porch to the northeast with decorative timber arch brackets, barge board, finial and diagonally boarded gable. The verandahs have dowel balustrade, lattice valance and timber arch brackets. The plan consists of a dining room, a smoking room and a two-roomed guest suite. These are accessed from an enclosed verandah entrance hall with entrance doors at both ends with sidelights and fanlight of etched coloured glass. The dining room has a metal lined wine store cupboard and fretwork ceiling rose. The
walls are panelled to a dado with vertically jointed boards above and the ceiling is boarded. The tiled fireplace has a carved timber surround, and all timber is oiled/stained. All rooms have step out bays with timber shutters and internal doors have fanlights.
The kitchen, store and servants' hall wing consists of a series of connected weatherboard buildings. The kitchen has a corrugated iron gable roof with a verandah to the courtyard and three pressed metal ridge ventilators. Timber shingles are visible under the corrugated iron sheeting and the interior has single skin cedar board walls and a large brick fireplace. A modern kitchen has been installed in one room.
The caretaker's cottage has an L-shaped plan and consists of a series of rooms added at different times. The weatherboard building has a corrugated iron gable roof with a bay to the northwest, surmounted by a gable, and verandahs northeast and northwest.
A row of weatherboard stables with corrugated iron gable roofs is located to the southwest. The stables have a sawn cross cut timber and earth floor. The grounds include a circular drive with gardens to the north, overlooking a private dam beyond.
","history":"The earliest sections of Bellevue homestead appear to date from the 1870s.
Initially Bellevue was part of the Wivenhoe run, taken up by Ferriter and Uhr in the early 1840s, then transferred to the Norths of Fairney Lawn in 1858. Soon after acquiring Wivenhoe, William North Snr established a 2,000 hectare section as Bellevue Station, on which he ran sheep. In 1869 the Wivenhoe run was resumed and thrown open to selection, and those portions containing the Bellevue lands and buildings were retained by the Norths under pre-emptive selection rights. None of the 1860s buildings has survived, with the older parts of the present homestead most likely constructed after the North family transferred the Bellevue leasehold to Campbell and Hay in 1872.
In the 1870s sheep gave way to cattle. The leasehold was converted to freehold in 1879, and in 1884 was acquired by James Taylor, MLC, whose son, George Condamine Taylor, and his family, occupied the homestead. During the Taylors' occupancy a flood in the Brisbane River in 1893 destroyed the adobe walls of the timber-framed house, which was re-clad with mill-sawn timber.
George Taylor died in 1899, but his widow remained at Bellevue and in 1901 married pastoralist Charles Lumley Hill, MLA. In 1903-04 the Lumley Hills extended the homestead, adding a new dining room, guest suite, and servants quarters. Earlier sections of the house were renovated also. In the early decades of the twentieth century, Bellevue was the social centre of the district. At its peak, c.1910, the station comprised over 5,600 hectares, with a Hereford stud of national renown. The property remained in the Taylor family until the early 1950s.
In 1975 Bellevue was resumed by the Co-Ordinator General, as part of the Wivenhoe Dam project. In the same year the homestead and associated buildings were acquired by the National Trust of Queensland, and between 1975 and 1980 were removed to nearby Coominya township, established in 1905 on part of the Bellevue selection. The Trust is restoring the complex to its 1904-1910 appearance.
","criteria":"An example of a large, evolving timber homestead complex, illustrating in form, fabric and decoration the lifestyle of the turn-of-the-century Queensland squattocracy.
Association with early European settlement of the Brisbane River Valley and the development of the pastoral industry in Queensland.
|Surviving evidence of timber building techniques from the 1870s.
|An example of a large, evolving timber homestead complex, illustrating in form, fabric and decoration the lifestyle of the turn-of-the-century Queensland squattocracy.
|Surviving evidence of timber building techniques from the 1870s.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion D | Criterion F","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15268,"place_ref":600493,"name":"St Agnes Rectory and Church","alternate_name":"St Agnes' Rectory and Church","street_address":"Ipswich Street","suburb":"ESK","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"St Agnes rectory and church, located with a hall, belltower and grounds containing a number of mature trees, form an Anglican Church group which, along with the Presbyterian, Uniting and Catholic Church groups, is situated on Ipswich Street, the main road into Esk.
St Agnes rectory is a single-storeyed weatherboard building with a corrugated iron hipped gable roof. It has timber stumps, with verandahs on the north and east sides. The street entrance porch has a projecting gable to the verandah with decorative timber truss, finial and barge boards. The verandah roof is at a lesser pitch to the main roof and the hipped gables have curved timber bargeboards.
The verandah features decorative timber brackets and posts and the walls are single-skin with exposed timber framing. The front door has timber panelling with glass sidelights and fanlight. French doors with fanlights open onto the verandah.
The double hung sash windows have sunhoods with curved timber brackets and a carport has been added to the south, the roof of which cuts across a side window. The building has a brick chimney and a rear verandah has been enclosed with chamferboards and casement windows.
Internally, the joinery is intact and the building has boarded walls and ceiling. A detached laundry is located at the rear.
St Agnes church is a weatherboard building with a steeply pitched ribbed metal gable roof with deep timber brackets to the eaves. The building has a rectangular plan set on a later brick base, with a vestry added to the east and a porch to the north west.
The entry porch has a gable roof with weatherboard balustrade and gable. The entry and vestry doors have convex quarter circles at the top corners.
The building features lancet windows, most of which contain leadlight glazing except in the sanctuary which features stained glass. The building has a scissor trussed roof with boarded ceiling and vertical tongue and groove boards to the walls of the nave. The sanctuary has horizontal boards to the walls and the interior surfaces have been painted.
A timber screen separates the sanctuary from the nave. This screen has a tongue and groove balustrade and decorative timber brackets forming a pointed arch in the centre. A timber cross is supported above the centre and a pulpit is built into the western end of the nave.
The internal faces of the doors have decorative diagonal boarding at close centres. The floor of the sanctuary and altar are raised above the nave and vestry, and at cornice level there are spaced ventilation boards. The altar and altar rail are of stained carved timber and the building contains original pews, a stone baptismal font and memorial plaques.
A 1953 timber frame belltower with a corrugated iron pitched roof is located to the north east of the church. Entry to the site is via memorial gates which consist of three sandstone gateposts with decorative metal gates. The posts are square in plan with pyramid capitals, rock finish faces with dressed corners and base and a marble plaque and name badge on the two centre posts. The grounds include a number of notable mature trees.
","history":"The timber church, rectory and church hall which comprise the St Agnes group at Esk, were erected between 1889 and 1910.
The Anglican Parish of Esk had been created in 1886. For the first few years, services at Esk were conducted at the non-denominational Union Church. The present site, intended for a church, hall and rectory, was donated by Ellen Webb, and transferred to the Anglican church in 1889.
Plans for the church were prepared in late 1888 by Brisbane diocesan architect John Hingeston Buckeridge, with working drawings following in 1889. Limited funds produced some alteration to the design. The building was erected in mid-1889 by local Esk contractor, sawmill proprietor and Anglican parishioner, Lars Andersen, and was dedicated in October that year. In 1907 the western end of the building was lengthened by 3 metres, the communion rails were extended, and a vestry was added.
The rectory was constructed in 1901-02, and had been paid for by November 1902. It also was designed by Buckeridge, and included a parish, or meeting, room. Since 1928, when the Esk and Toogoolawah parishes re-combined to form the Brisbane Valley parish, the rector has resided at Toogoolawah, and St Agnes rectory has been rented. Currently it is leased to a local art and craft society.
The church and rectory were two of approximately ninety Anglican buildings erected during the episcopate of Bishop Webber, from 1885-1903. Webber had an understanding of ecclesiastical design and architecture generally and was responsible for bringing Buckeridge to Brisbane from London, appointing him as Diocesan Architect in 1887.
The church hall began as a smaller Sunday School building, constructed c1902. It was extended as a hall between 1908 and 1910, and has been modified since. This building does not form part of the present entry in the Heritage Register.
In 1903 shade trees were planted in the grounds, some of which remain.
The street entrance pillars were erected in honour of former parishioner and Brisbane Valley pioneer Francis Edward Bigge. They were designed and built by stonemason Andrew Petrie of Toowong in 1920.
The bell and belltower were erected in 1953.
","criteria":"St Agnes Rectory and Church are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history, being associated with the consolidation of the Anglican church in Esk.
|They demonstrate an uncommon aspect of Queensland's cultural heritage, comprising as they do the only known group of buildings in Queensland which contains both a church and rectory designed by diocesan architect JH Buckeridge, and are important in illustrating the principal characteristics of their type.
|They demonstrate an uncommon aspect of Queensland's cultural heritage, comprising as they do the only known group of buildings in Queensland which contains both a church and rectory designed by diocesan architect JH Buckeridge, and are important in illustrating the principal characteristics of their type.
|The place is important in exhibiting a number of aesthetic characteristics valued by the local community, including the intactness of the federation-era rectory, and the contribution, through scale, form and materials, of the buildings and grounds to the streetscape of Ipswich Street and to the Esk townscape.
|The place has had a special association with the Anglican community in Esk as a centre of local worship, for over a century.
|The church and rectory have a strong association with architect JH Buckeridge, being examples of his ecclesiastical work in Queensland.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15269,"place_ref":600494,"name":"Esk War Memorial and Esk Memorial Park","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"Ipswich Street","suburb":"ESK","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"Esk Memorial Park, which contains two stone monuments and landscaped paths and gardens, is located in the main street of Esk.
The First World War memorial consists of a sandstone plinth with four ionic corner pilasters and an entablature sheeted in bronze. Recessed into each of the four faces is a marble tiled panel with a bronze honour roll of 462 shire residents who enlisted together with the letters AIF and its emblem. The memorial sits on a stepped base of concrete aggregate.
Three bronze honour rolls bearing the names of 83 local men who fell during the First World War are fixed to the side and rear of the plinth. Four commemorative plaques bearing inscriptions 1939 - World War II 1945, 1914 - The Great War - In Honour Of Our Boys - 1919, Korea - Malaya, and Borneo - Vietnam are fixed to the front of the plinth.
Also located within the park is a memorial to Captain Logan. This consists of a single, upright sandstone block. Fixed to the northern face is a bronze plaque bearing an inscription in white lettering.
The park is landscaped with native trees and palms, and includes pathways, a barbecue area, seating and a children's playground.
","history":"Esk Memorial Park was proclaimed a reserve for memorial purposes in 1979, but a First World War memorial has stood on the site, at the intersection of Highland and Ipswich Streets, since 1921.
The memorial was commissioned by the Esk Patriotic Committee on behalf of the shire of Esk. Subscriptions commenced in 1916, and tenders were called in April 1919 by prominent Ipswich architect George Brockwell Gill. The foundation stone was laid on 30 November 1920, and the memorial was unveiled in 1921, probably in September. The masonry work was carried out by the Ipswich firm of Frank Williams & Co., and the art metalwork was supplied by Wunderlich Ltd of Sydney. It cost £885.
This was not the first war memorial in the shire. Colinton had erected an honour board at the local School of Arts building in 1916, and a stone memorial in 1917. The Toogoolawah War Memorial had been unveiled in March 1917.
In 1983 the memorial park was extended, and a stone memorial to Captain Patrick Logan, commandant of the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement who was murdered while exploring the Brisbane Valley in 1830, was erected in the park in 1984. The site was landscaped in 1985.
In 1988 some of the lettering on the First World War memorial was restored, and two plaques commemorating Australian sacrifice in post-1945 conflicts were affixed. In 1991 another plaque was attached, honouring those who fell in the Second World War.
","criteria":"Esk War Memorial, erected in 1921, is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history, being evidence of a widespread social movement expressing Australian patriotism and nationalism during and immediately following the First World war [1914-18].
|The First World War Memorial demonstrates the principal characteristics of a class of commemorative structures erected as a record of the local impact of a major historical event and intended to endure, and is a major regional example of its type.
|The place exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, including the landmark quality and aesthetic value and craftsmanship of the First World War memorial, and the contribution of the park and memorial to the Esk townscape.
|The place has a special association for the Esk community as a form of public recognition of local participation in a major historical event.
|The memorial is significant as an unusual example of the work of Ipswich architect GB Gill.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15270,"place_ref":600495,"name":"Lockyer Creek Railway Bridge (Clarendon)","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"Wulkuraka - Yarraman Line","suburb":"CLARENDON","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"A half-through double x 2 lattice girder bridge on a straight alignment and carrying a single track. Its spans are:
2x2x20 foot (6.1m) timber longitudinals, common timber trestles with 2 unbraced uprights (Pier 1), 3 single braced uprights (Pier 2) and 5 double braced uprights (Pier 3).
1x2x26 foot (7.9m) timber longitudinals, common timber trestles.
1x2x100 foot (30.5m) half-through double x2 lattice girders, channel strengthened timber longitudinals and transom top, timber piers at each end on concrete bases, strengthened with double timber pier at centre span.
3x2x26 foot (7.9m) timber longitudinals, common timber trestles with 5 double braced uprights (Piers 6 and 7) and 4 single braced uprights (Pier 8).
3x2x20 foot (6.1m) timber longitudinals, common timber trestles with 4 single braced uprights (Pier 8), 3 single braced uprights (Piers 9 and 10) and 2 unbraced uprights (Pier 11).
The approaches are timber girders.
","history":"The second section of the Brisbane Valley Branch from Lowood to Esk was let on contract to H. A. Brigg on 2 December 1884 for #57,821. The line was opened for traffic between Lowood and Esk on 9 August 1886.
Operating the Brisbane Valley Branch was expensive because the light standard of the line limited engines to B15 standard. As there were many heavy grades on the line, more powerful locomotives could produce substantial savings in the number of trains needed. Using Depression relief labour to reduce the cost, strengthening the line to C16 and C17 standard was completed between 1931 and 1933. In 1932 a central timber pier was added to strengthen the 100 foot lattice girder span.
In 1968 in preparation for the operation of 60 ton diesel engine locomotives in both single and multiple operation, the longitudinal members were strengthened by the addition of 6x3 inch channels along each side and 9x5 inch transoms laid over the top. The timber piers supporting the 100 foot span were provided with concrete bases. The railway closed for traffic in March 1993.
","criteria":"The bridge with a half-through double x 2 lattice girder spans is one of the oldest existing metal truss bridges with Miva (1886) and Wide Bay Creek (1886), and the second extant of its type constructed in Queensland with the longest span of its type in Queensland between 1884 and 1932.
|This is one of the few major bridges on the Brisbane Valley Branch. Its design incorporating a 100 foot lattice girder span supported on timber piers is similar in concept to bridges on the original Ipswich to Toowoomba line, opened in 1867, but on which all such bridges have long been removed. Although a single timber pier has been provided to strengthen the span effectively making two spans to carry heavier loads, it still shows the original mode of construction clearly.
|The bridge with a half-through double x 2 lattice girder spans is one of the oldest existing metal truss bridges with Miva (1886) and Wide Bay Creek (1886), and the second extant of its type constructed in Queensland with the longest span of its type in Queensland between 1884 and 1932.
|The design was associated with the Chief Engineer, Henry C. Stanley.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion F | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15271,"place_ref":600496,"name":"Dental Surgery","alternate_name":"Royal Bank of Queensland Ltd; National Bank of Australasia; Bank of Queensland Ltd","street_address":"12 Railway Street","suburb":"LOWOOD","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"This single-storeyed weatherboard building fronts Railway Street in the centre of Lowood. Rectangular in plan, the building has a corrugated iron hipped roof with a shallow hip to the front verandah and a skillion to the rear office and workroom. The building sits on concrete stumps with the verandah at street level and the land sloping away to the rear.
The verandah has decorative carved timber arch brackets with corner quatrefoil design and cross braced balustrade with a circular pattern. The ceiling is lined and a projecting vestibule has twin timber doors with a fanlight above.
The interior has tongue and groove boards to the walls, a flat boarded ceiling and partitioning has been installed to separate the surgery, reception and a toilet. The building has double hung sash windows and a rendered masonry strongroom is built into the southeast elevation adjacent to the surgery and is used as a store.
A metal sheeted shed sitting on metal posts and a weatherboard and fibrous cement toilet block are located to the rear of the building. Metal sunshades are attached to the northwest and southeast elevations.
","history":"This small timber building was erected in Main Street, Lowood, between 1901 and 1917, as a branch of the Royal Bank of Queensland Ltd.
Lowood had emerged as the centre of a thriving farming district after the rail link to Ipswich was opened in mid-1884. In 1901 the Royal Bank, established in Brisbane in 1885 as a competitor to the Queensland National Bank, opened a branch at Lowood. For the first two decades of the 20th century it remained the only banking establishment in the town.
In January 1917 the Royal Bank and the Bank of North Queensland Ltd (established in Townsville in 1888) merged to form the Bank of Queensland Ltd, with the Lowood branch retained under the new name. In mid-1917 the Lowood bank building, complete with a brick and concrete strongroom which weighed close to 40 tonnes, was re-located to the present site in Railway Street.
In 1922 the Bank of Queensland in turn merged with the National Bank of Australasia Ltd, and the building remained a branch of the National Bank until 1986. At present it functions as a dental surgery.
","criteria":"The former Royal Bank of Queensland Ltd building at Lowood is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history, being associated with the rural expansion of the Royal Bank of Queensland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
|It is important in demonstrating some of the principal characteristics of a small, early 20th century, timber bank building in rural Queensland, retaining a substantially intact exterior and what appears to be the original masonry strongroom.
|It exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the local community, in particular the streetscape contribution of its decorative timber facade.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15273,"place_ref":600498,"name":"Inverness","alternate_name":"Bellambi | World Ramblings","street_address":"58 Fulham Street","suburb":"TOOGOOLAWAH","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"Inverness is a detached residence that occupies a 1.745 ha hill-top site on the western edge of Toogoolawah, a town in the Brisbane Valley, approximately 75 km northwest of Brisbane. Set in spacious grounds and located approximately in the centre of the allotment, the residence is approached via an eastern circular drive from Gunyah Street (south) and Fulham Street (north). The site is bounded on the north, south and east sides by residential properties, and on the south side by Gunyah Street.
\nFeatures at Inverness of state-level cultural heritage significance include:
\nInverness (Residence, 1917)
\nInverness is a lowset, single-storey timber residence in a Federation-era style. It has a tiled hip roof with projecting timbered gables over the east, north and southeast sides; and its front elevation faces east toward a circular drive. The main entrance is accessed via an aligned gabled entrance porch, projecting from the front verandah and reached via lateral stairs on its north and south sides. The entrance porch and main entrance are offset toward the northern end of the elevation.
\nVerandahs wrap around the east, north and west sides of the residence and feature decorative timber brackets, valances and balustrades. The verandahs are accessed via the front entrance porch, smaller stairs on the north and west sides, and a secondary stair entrance at the south side of the building.
\nThe interior layout is asymmetrical and is divided by function into distinct zones: reception / living rooms, bedrooms, and service rooms; separated from each other by hallways. The layout is formal and hierarchical, with grand reception / living rooms at the front of the house; smaller, private bedrooms toward the rear with pleasant northern aspect, and commodious service rooms and servant’s bedroom in the southwest rear corner, functionally located near the other rooms and the service areas of the grounds.
\nThe wide formal entrance hall is flanked by a drawing room (north) and dining room (south). It accesses two narrower hallways – one leading south to a billiards room and the service rooms; and the other leading west to the four bedrooms and bathroom. The main bedroom includes an ensuite. The service zone comprises a kitchen, separate pantry, a broad enclosed verandah, a skillion-roofed lean-to laundry to the residence’s western side, and a brick cellar under the kitchen. The partition between the entrance hall and drawing room has been removed, as has a partition in the kitchen.
\nFeatures of Inverness (Residence) of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:
\nFeatures of Inverness (Residence) not of state-level heritage significance include:
\nEntry Gate Posts (c1917) and Circular Drive (1917)
\nTwo entry gate posts stand to either side of the main, eastern entrance to the residence grounds. The entrance leads west to a circular drive, which approaches the front entrance to Inverness (residence).
\nFeatures of the entry gate posts and circular drive of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:
\nFeatures of the entry gate posts and circular drive not of state-level cultural heritage significance:
\nLandscape Features
\nInverness is set within spacious grounds and gardens. Its open setting is particularly apparent to the front (east) and north sides, which allows for unobscured views of these elevations of the Residence.
\nAn open grassed rectangular area to the west of the residence marks the location of a former tennis court.
\nThree mature trees stand to either side and to the south of the Entrance Drive, forming a boundary line to the residence garden.
\nLandscape Features of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:
\nLandscape features not of state-level heritage significance include:
\nInverness, Toogoolawah, was erected in 1917 for the Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company Limited, as the residence for their condensed milk factory manager. It was designed by prolific Brisbane architect John Henry Burley, and was named by its first occupants, the Munro family. It served as the factory manager’s residence until the enterprise was closed in 1931, and a caretaker took up residence. It was sold into private ownership in 1948.
\nQueensland’s dairying industry emerged in the late 19th century from small-scale domestic production to become one of the state’s principal primary industries by the interwar period. Its growth was encouraged by closer settlement of Queensland’s squatting runs, improved milk testing and processing technology, financial incentives under the Meat and Dairy Board Act 1893, and education in the form of a government ‘travelling dairy’. Sown pastures such as paspalum and Rhodes grass and the cultivation of fodder, also improved milk yields and provided adequate feed during the less productive months of winter. The extension of Queensland's rural railway network – essential for dairy products to reach their desired markets – facilitated the establishment of local butter and cheese factories in close proximity to railway lines.[1]
\nDairying became prevalent in the Brisbane Valley, a region of fertile land located near the source of the Brisbane River system. Traditionally part of Yuggera and Ugarapul country, pastoral runs were established in the region from the early 1840s. The earliest of these was the McConnel family’s 240 square mile Cressbrook Run, selected in 1841. The McConnels built a homestead and established a successful cattle station before portions of the run were resumed for selection in the 1870s. Pastoral and timber industries developed, and improved transportation was provided for farmers in the region by the opening of the Brisbane Valley railway line to Lowood (1884) and Esk (1886).[2]
\nThe ‘well-watered flats and natural grasses’ of the Brisbane Valley made it ‘most suitable for dairying purposes’,[3] and the McConnel family encouraged the establishment of the dairying industry in the region. In 1889, James McConnel invited the government’s travelling dairy to Cressbrook to demonstrate the latest techniques and methods to local farmers. He began to sell small parcels of the Cressbrook property to his workers for dairying, and in later years, offered dairy cattle for purchase, and joined local deputations agitating for the extension of the railway line from Esk to Cressbrook. In 1897 he received a grant from the Meat and Dairy Board to erect a condensery on the Cressbrook property.[4]
\nMilk condensing – a method of preserving milk for an indefinite period by removing its water content and adding sugar – was a new process in the 19th century. It had been invented in the 1820s by Frenchman Nicholas Appert, but the process was not refined until the mid-19th century. Commercial production spread across the United States and Europe in the 1860s. Condensed milk proved popular in Australia, but had to be imported, as manufacturing experiments undertaken in the colonies had failed. In 1886, Queensland pastoralist Colin Munro announced that he had successfully condensed milk on his Lower Burdekin property near Townsville. He began a small production line, but this ceased in the early 1890s. By 1895, Queensland was importing 686,000 tins of condensed milk per annum, and Queensland newspapers urged the establishment of a local condensed milk production industry. The proposed Cressbrook condensery, owned and managed by McConnel and Colin Munro, was the first commercial attempt at condensed milk production in Queensland.[5]
\nThe enterprise was launched in 1898 as the Cressbrook Dairy Company's Condensed Milk Factory. The site selected was about 4.5km southwest of the Cressbrook Homestead, on the banks of Cressbrook Creek, a tributary of the Brisbane River. Funding for construction of the factory was provided by the Meat and Dairy Board, but production was initially unsuccessful. Munro’s son, William Albert Munro, was despatched to America to inspect its factories and methods. On his return, new vacuum pans were installed at the factory, and the Cressbrook Dairy Company's Condensed Milk Factory recommenced production. William Munro was appointed factory manager, and a timber and iron manager’s residence was erected next to the factory.[6]
\nProduction at the Cressbrook factory climbed from around 600 cases (28,800 tins) a month in 1902, to 3,500 in 1906 (168,000 tins). This expansion was spurred by the opening of the Brisbane Valley railway extension to the factory in 1904. The railway station, positioned opposite the factory, was named Toogoolawah. A village, also named Toogoolawah, grew around the factory and station, largely populated by factory employees or suppliers. Forty-six people were employed at the factory by 1906, and local dairy farms were guaranteed a market for their produce. The Cressbrook Dairy Company also purchased a small milk-condensing factory at Trelawney (Wilson’s Plains, Harrisville). William Munro’s brother Archibald Chisholm was engaged as its manager.[7]
\nIn 1906 the European-based Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (Nestlé) began investigating the possibility of opening a factory in Australia, its second-biggest market. After inspecting sites in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria, it bought out the Cressbrook Dairy Company, comprising the condensed milk factory and 3,000 acres (1214ha) of land. The company also purchased sites in Victoria and New South Wales where it planned to construct condenseries. Nestlé took delivery of the Toogoolawah factory on 20 December 1907, and began production the following morning.[8]
\nNestlé expanded the factory, doubled the number of employees, and rearranged the surrounding land into a small number of ‘model’ and experimental farms where dairy cattle were raised and grasses were grown. At the time, Queensland was the only place in the world in which Nestlé invested in company-owned farms. New farm managers were appointed, but the Munro family remained as factory managers: in 1909, Archibald Munro was transferred from Trelawney to manage the Toogoolawah factory. Nestlé again expanded the factory in 1913, and by 1915 had sixty suppliers in the surrounding dairy farms. It continued to market the condensed milk under the ‘Cressbrook’ brand, which was sold around Australia. Factory production rose during World War I, as European factories closed. Toogoolawah grew with the factory, its population more than doubling from 500 in 1911 to 1,100 in 1917.[9]
\nNestlé provided housing for some of its workers, and in 1917 the company replaced the tin and iron factory manager’s house with a more prestigious manager’s residence. The residence was to be erected on part of Nestlé’s ‘Bellambi Farm’, on a hilltop about one kilometre northwest of the factory, adjacent to the town. Nestlé proposed using a European design for the manager’s residence, but factory manager Archibald Munro ‘insisted on using an architect locally who was familiar with the climatic conditions and requirements’.[10] Brisbane architect John Henry Burley was engaged to design the new residence.[11]
\nEnglish-born John Henry Burley had arrived in Queensland in 1886. He established a sound architectural practice in Brisbane, designing buildings in southeast Queensland before his death in 1936. Burley’s work typically combined a variety of eclectic stylistic elements; and he was well-respected for his domestic designs and his knowledge and use of Queensland timbers. Notable non-extant examples of his work include the Sacred Heart Church, Rosalie (1907), Bellissima Guest House, Canungra, for the Lahey family (1916), and Pharmacy College (1921), while his surviving work includes the South Brisbane Library (1897, QHR 600302) and John Mills Himself building (1918, QHR 600084). Burley was a renowned and prolific residential designer, but only five of over 100 residences he designed throughout his 50 year career are identified to have survived, including John Mills’ Yeronga residence in 1914 (QHR 601472).[12]
\nThe Nestlé factory manager’s residence was designed in a style characteristic of the Federation era. This eclectic and highly decorative style dominated Australia’s domestic architecture during the late 19th and early 20th century. It was influenced by contemporary British and American examples, and drew inspiration from a variety of historical styles, particularly Tudor or ‘Old English’ rural architecture. The typical Federation villa residence was a free-standing, single-storeyed bungalow set within a generous garden. It had red face brick walls, with a complex roof form of hips and projecting gables, clad in terracotta Marseilles tiles, and often punctuated by picturesque chimneys. Floor plans were asymmetrical with protruding rooms, bays or towers, and the exteriors were enlivened by a wide variety of window types and shapes, and elaborate verandah detailing. Gable ends were decorated with timber and stucco ornament, and leadlight windows displayed coloured glass in flowing patterns, demonstrating the growing influence of Art Nouveau on decorative details. In Queensland, the style was often applied to traditional timber houses with corrugated iron roofs, influencing their roof forms, timber verandah detailing and other ornamentation. The Munro family later stated that Burley described his version as an ‘Indian Bungalow’.[13]
\nBurley called for tenders for construction in March 1917. Local builder DA Menzies, who erected most of Toogoolawah’s buildings until the mid-1920s, was awarded the contract and completed the building in 1917. The large residence reflected the manager's status in a prosperous factory town, as well as ‘the life style which the Co [Nestlé] expected’ the manager to maintain. Like the typical Federation villa residence, it was a free-standing, single-storeyed bungalow set within a generous garden. It was fronted by a circular driveway, accessed from Fulham Street and curving around to the eastern-facing front entrance. Gate posts, likely installed at this time, marked the formal entrance. The north and eastern sides of the residence featured the primary rooms, including an entrance hall, dining, drawing and billiards rooms, and four bedrooms, all flanked externally by the large verandah, and accessed internally via an L-shaped passageway. Notable features included fireplaces, timber joinery and 3.6m high ceilings. The southern and western sides included a servant’s bedroom and bathroom, kitchen, scullery and laundry, leading to the courtyard and pump house. A cellar was accessed through stairs in the kitchen. The layout reflected the hierarchy of space employed in early 20th century residences, after which the popularity of live-in staff declined. It was reportedly erected at a cost of £3000.[14]
\nThe residence also included some innovative features. Burley’s use of Australian-made asbestos cement roofing tiles and interior wall sheeting was amongst the earliest application of these products in Queensland. The asbestos cement product had been invented in Europe in the late 19th century, and was initially imported to Australia by James Hardie and Wunderlich Limited. In 1915, Wunderlich established a subsidiary company, Durabestos Limited, which began manufacturing the product in 1916 in a factory in Sydney. It used the logo ‘Durabestos the Durable’ with the image of a sphinx, which appeared on the diamond-patterned roof tiles at the Toogoolawah residence. Durabestos did not become widely available in Queensland until 1918, reflecting 59 year old Burley’s familiarity with material innovation.[15][16]
\nThe Munro family – including Archibald, wife Jessie, and three young children – took up occupation in December 1917. They named the residence ‘Inverness’, after the district in Scotland from which Colin Munro had emigrated. The youngest Munro child was born at the residence in 1920, and extended family holidayed at Inverness through the 1920s. Mrs Munro, a keen gardener, had a ‘bush house’ built south of the residence, to house her tropical and epiphyte collection. Vegetable and flower garden beds were also planted, and Mrs Munro won prizes for her gardenias, snapdragons and vegetables at Toogoolawah shows. A garden fete was held at Inverness in February 1926, and a tennis court was installed by November, when the Munros hosted a ‘Boston tennis tournament’ for the funds of the Toogoolawah Presbyterian church. To help run the house, the family employed a housemaid, nursemaid, cook, laundress, and a gardener until 1928, ‘when economies began to be necessary.’[17][18]
\nBy 1919 the Nestlé factory at Toogoolawah was ‘said to be the largest establishment of its kind in the Commonwealth.’[19] Condensed milk factories at Lowood and Colinton closed in the 1920s, giving Nestlé a monopoly in the Brisbane Valley. At the same time, as the Queenslander magazine reflected, Nestlé contributed to Queensland’s economy, spending over £4,500,000 on Queensland sugar, milk, timber and labour between 1919 and 1924. Toogoolawah continued to grow with the factory. Up to 140 people were employed at or in connection with the condensery, and Nestlé supplied the town with electricity in 1927. The town’s population peaked in 1929 with 1,500 people and 5,000 within three miles. However, in August 1929, Nestlé offered its Toogoolawah farms for sale. As the impact of the Great Depression hit, rumours began circulating of the factory’s closure. Nestlé initially reassured Toogoolawah residents that it intended to keep the condensery running, but closed the bulk of the factory in October 1930, ‘owing to the adverse trading conditions in Australia and the very high cost of production at Toogoolawah’.[20] Secondary production ceased in December 1930. Staff were transferred to Nestlé’s factory in Victoria or left in search other work, and the population of Toogoolawah halved. The Munros left Inverness in 1931. Nestlé gradually sold the Toogoolawah farms, but retained Inverness on twenty acres of land (8ha). Farm manager HW Searl remained as caretaker, hosting social events, including fundraising tennis matches for local social groups.[21]
\nThe Searls appear to have departed Toogoolawah in the late 1930s, shortly after the last of the factory machinery was sold and removed. During World War II, female staff from Nestlé’s Brisbane office were accommodated at Inverness, and records were stored in the old factory. After the war, the residence was proposed for use as a hospital, while the hill was viewed as an ideal site for a town reservoir. Instead, in 1948 Inverness was sold to a grazier, who renamed the property ‘World Ramblings’ and undertook alterations.[22]
\nThe unused factory was unsuccessfully offered for sale for removal in 1949. It was destroyed by fire in 1951, leaving only a packing shed intact, and the site was sold in 1956. In 2016 the packing shed was converted into the Somerset Regional Art Gallery.[23]
\n‘World Ramblings’ was sold again in 1951, and renamed ‘Bellambi’. Small parcels of land fronting Fulham Street were sold in the 1950s, reducing the residence site to just under 12 acres (4.8ha). Some changes were made to the residence as it was sold to new owners in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The name ‘Inverness’ was adopted again in the early 1990s. Bathrooms, the kitchen and lighting were refurbished, and a swimming pool was added to the grounds north of the residence. A pump house, erected in the rear courtyard, was removed. The site was subdivided in 2012, with Inverness on 1.74ha of land. In 2014 the original Durabestos roof tiles were replaced with like-for-like fibrous-cement roof tiles, matching the existing diamond-shape pattern and tile size. The original terracotta ridge capping and acroteria were retained. The residence was also leased for weddings from 2018.[24]
\nIn 2020, Inverness remains a private residence and retains its Federation-era detailing.
","criteria":"Inverness, built in Toogoolawah in 1917 by the Nestlé and Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company as a substantial architect-designed residence for its factory manager, is important in demonstrating the development of the dairy industry in the Brisbane Valley, one of Queensland’s earliest dairying regions. Toogoolawah played a key role in the evolution of Queensland’s dairy industry, as the home of Queensland’s first successful condensed milk factory (1898-1907) and the first international factory of the Nestlé and Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1907-1930). Inverness is important surviving evidence of the once-prominent industry.
|Inverness, a notable example of the domestic work of well-respected Queensland architect John Henry Burley, is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a substantial, early-20th century villa residence. A single storey, timber house in a garden setting, Inverness is a fine and intact example of its type, displaying high quality workmanship and materials, and retaining its formal plan, with entrance portico, hierarchical arrangement of generously sized rooms, and surrounding verandah.
\nA late variation of Federation-era domestic architecture, the place is a good and intact example of a timber bungalow house in a Federation style in Queensland. Characteristics of this type include: its lowset form; timber construction; asymmetrical plan with protruding bays and rooms; Arts and Crafts influences, such as terracotta roof ridge caps and acroteria; complex roof form with pedimented gables; elaborate verandah details; leadlight glazing. Variations within the type include the use of contemporary fibrous-cement materials to the roof and to the walls and ceilings of primary rooms.
|Inverness is important for its Federation aesthetic, sited on a hill-top, well back from the road and with views to and from the place across a large and attractive garden setting and circular entry drive. The place fluently combines Arts and Crafts and Classical elements in a pleasingly proportioned asymmetrical form, featuring wide verandahs with elaborate timber details, a protruding entrance porch, and a dominant roof clad in diamond patterned fibre-cement tiles and ornamented with terracotta features and timber gables. Through its intactness externally and internally, the place demonstrates fine architectural quality and a skilful arrangement of generous and refined formal and informal spaces that evoke a sense of an earlier, gracious lifestyle.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15274,"place_ref":600499,"name":"McConnell Park & Toogoolawah War Memorial","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"Cressbrook Street","suburb":"TOOGOOLAWAH","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"McConnell Park is a 2.7 hectare site fronting Cressbrook Street to the east and Gunyah Street to the north, St Andrews Anglican Church precinct to the west and residential to the south.
\nAccess is via a bitumen drive from the western end of Gunyah Street which encircles the sportsground around to the south west. A row of trees lines the drive to the east and the entrance is between square gateposts. Next to these is a single-storeyed weatherboard library with a corrugated iron skillion roof. Two park benches with cast iron supports which contain the letters McCP are located here.
\nThe south east corner contains a First World War memorial, bandstand, pioneer memorial, barbecue, tennis courts and children's play equipment.
\nThe First World War memorial stands in a fenced enclosure fronting Cressbrook Street. It consists of a sandstone pedestal and obelisk standing on a stepped base of concrete and rock faced sandstone. Recessed into each side of the pedestal are First World War marble honour rolls.
\nThe entablature has egg and dart carving and the gable above features leaf carving. The east side of the base to the obelisk has a wreath with the words OUR BOYS HONOUR. Metal plaques have been added in remembrance of those who served in Korea, Malaya, Borneo and Vietnam.
\nThe memorial is surrounded by concrete paths with garden borders which lead from the north and east entrances. Two mature pencil pines border the east entrance with one at the north. A metal flagpole and two small pencil pines are situated on the west side and the perimeter has a low metal framed wire mesh fence.
\nThe octagonal timber bandstand sits on timber stumps and has a corrugated iron pitched roof with a central metal finial. The building features decorative timber brackets and valance with a perimeter seat against the railing. Access is via timber stairs to the north and the ceiling has plywood sheeting with timber cover strips.
\nThe Pioneer Memorial is a low square structure with sloping sides which is clad with slate tiles. It sits on a square slate tiled base and also contains a time capsule.
\nTo the south of the sportsground there is a concrete block public toilet with a skillion roof and a single-storeyed weatherboard Guide hut with timber stumps and a gabled roof.
\nThe Scout hut is located in the south west and consists of a single-storeyed slab-on-ground building with fibrous cement sheeting and a corrugated iron gabled roof.
\nThe sportsground contains a cricket pitch and mature trees to the perimeter.
","history":"The site was established as a public park and recreational facility c.1906, on land donated by James Henry McConnel of Cressbrook.
\nJames' father, DC McConnel, was the first European to settle in the Brisbane Valley, taking up the Cressbrook run in 1841. In the late 1890s, JH McConnel established a condensed milk factory on Cressbrook Creek, and subdivided a large part of the run into dairy farms and the township of Cressbrook Creek (later Toogoolawah). Such private town subdivisions were not unusual in Queensland; other towns originating in this manner include Beaudesert, Nambour and Childers.
\nThe McConnel family was deeply involved in the economic and social development of Toogoolawah, encouraging cultural, religious, sporting recreational and economic activity. They employed a contractor to build homes for their farmers; donated land for church purposes; and promoted a variety of district clubs, organisations and societies. Their establishment of a recreational facility in the centre of town remains testimony to the family's genuine concern for community welfare.
\nIn 1919 a brass band was formed in Toogoolawah, and about this time a small bandstand, understood to have been provided by the McConnel family, was erected in the recreational ground. By 1924 the park also contained a tennis court and a public shower, water for which was supplied from a public well and windmill on the site. A cricket pitch was laid down c.1930, and a Guide hut and Scout den were erected in the 1970s.
\nThe property was placed under trusteeship in 1926, and the Council of the Shire of Esk have been the trustees since 1940.
\nThe First World War stone memorial was commissioned by the citizens of Toogoolawah in 1916. It was crafted by Ipswich monumental masons Frank Williams & Co., who later supplied most of the First World War memorials in the district. The memorial, which cost £300, was unveiled on 31 March 1917. It was the second such memorial erected in Queensland, and the first outside a cemetery.
\nOriginally the memorial enclosure was separated from the rest of the park by a picket fence. Gardens were laid out by 1921, and on Anzac Day that year a First World War gun was unveiled beside the memorial.
\nA metal plate, honouring 15 local citizens who gave their lives in the Second World War, was attached to the memorial in 1955. In 1988 two additional plaques were attached commemorating those who had served in post-1945 conflicts.
\nA cairn containing a time-capsule was placed in the park for the 1988 bi-centenary.
","criteria":"McConnell Park is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history, in particular the evolution of the town of Toogoolawah.
\nThe Toogoolawah War Memorial is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history as evidence of a widespread social movement expressing Australian patriotism and nationalism of the First World War period
|The Toogoolawah War Memorial is important in demonstrating the principal\tcharacteristics of a class of commemorative structures erected as an enduring\trecord of a major historical event.
|McConnell Park and Toogoolawah War Memorial are important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the local community and those interested in commemorative structure design, in particular:
\n(i) the aesthetic quality and craftsmanship of the First World War memorial, bandstand and cast iron seating
\n(ii) the landmark quality of the memorial and the townscape contribution of the site
|The Toogoolawah War Memorial has a strong association with the local community \tas evidence of the local impact of a major historical event.
|McConnell Park has a strong association with the McConnel family.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15275,"place_ref":600500,"name":"St Andrew's Church Hall","alternate_name":"St Andrews Church Hall","street_address":"Mangerton Street","suburb":"TOOGOOLAWAH","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"This single-storeyed timber building is set amongst mature trees on a corner site forming the northwestern boundary to McConnel Park. St Andrew's Church is located on the northern side of the building and the rectory and its grounds are to the south.
The building has a corrugated iron gabled roof with a skillion roof to the rear kitchenette and a gabled roof to the front porch. The exterior is dark painted weatherboard, matching St Andrew's Church, and sits on timber stumps.
The front porch has a solid weatherboard balustrade and a decorative timber front gable with a metal finial. The windows now have glass louvres and the timber trim is painted white.
Internal walls and ceiling are lined with fibrous cement sheeting.
","history":"This small weatherboard hall was erected in 1906 for the Anglican congregation in Toogoolawah, on land in Mangerton Street owned by Mary Elizabeth McConnel of Cressbrook. This site is now the vacant block to the south of the rectory, the hall having been moved to its present location beside the church.
\n\n
The town of Cressbrook Creek (later Toogoolawah) was founded when Mary Elizabeth McConnel's husband, James Henry McConnel,(son of David Cannon and Mary McConnel) subdivided a large section of the Cressbrook estate in the late 1890s, and established a condensed milk factory on Cressbrook Creek in 1898. The town expanded when the rail connection to Ipswich was completed in 1904.
\nIt is believed Mary McConnel paid for the construction of the hall. Probably the builder was AD Menzies, who erected most of the buildings in Toogoolawah until the mid-1920s.
\nThe hall was opened by the Archbishop in September 1906, and Anglican services were held there until St Andrews Church was erected in 1911-12. Subsequently the building became the Sunday School hall, and in 1920 the church purchased from Mrs McConnel both the hall and the site, for the sum of £100.
\nThe building has been moved since to its present location beside the church, and has undergone a number of alterations.
","criteria":"St Andrew's Church Hall, erected in 1906, is significant historically in illustrating the establishment of the Anglican Church in Toogoolawah.
|It exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular the aesthetic contribution of building and grounds to the Toogoolawah townscape.
|The place has a strong association with the Toogoolawah community, being an integral part of an historic, visually cohesive and picturesque precinct comprising St Andrew's church [600502], church hall [600500], and rectory [600501] and adjacent McConnel Park [600499].
|St Andrew's Church Hall has a special association with the McConnel family and their contribution to the development of social and religious life in Toogoolawah.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15276,"place_ref":600501,"name":"St Andrew's Rectory","alternate_name":"St Andrews Rectory; St Andrews Rectory Toogoolawah; St Andrew's Rectory Toogoolaway","street_address":"Mangerton Street","suburb":"TOOGOOLAWAH","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"This single-storeyed timber building is set amongst mature trees, including some large palms, and the grounds form the southern part of the St Andrew's Church precinct and the northwestern boundary to McConnel Park.
The building has verandahs on the north and west elevations and sits on concrete stumps with a semi-enclosed space beneath. The exterior is clad in weatherboard with timber battens between the exterior stumps.
The wide verandahs have decorative timber valance and balustrades, with a deep and low railing which forms a seat. Entry is from the west via a quarter-turn stair with landing. The front door has decorative glass sidelights, fanlight and upper panel and opens into a foyer. A narrow study opens off the west verandah and has a gabled street elevation. This gable is repeated on the eastern elevation over the kitchen.
Internally, walls are single skin VJ boards, and french doors with fanlights open onto the verandahs. Ceilings are boarded and a decorative lancet shaped, timber arch valance is located between the foyer and lounge. Window hoods are corrugated iron with timber brackets.
A driveway from the north runs behind the church and church hall to the rectory.
","history":"This single-storeyed weatherboard house was constructed in 1925 as the Anglican rectory in Toogoolawah.
The Parish of Toogoolawah had been created in 1917, following division of the Esk parish into two, and reflected the population expansion which accompanied the success of Nestlé's Toogoolawah condensed milk factory during the First World War.
In 1920 Mary McConnel of Cressbrook Station, who in 1911 had donated the land on which St Andrews Church was subsequently erected, gave the parish a further two allotments in Mangerton Street, between the Church and the Sunday School hall, on which to build a rectory.
In 1924 the parish asked for plans and specifications for a rectory to be prepared by the local builders, probably contractor AD Menzies, who erected many of the buildings in Toogoolawah until the mid-1920s. Work began in January 1925, and the house was completed in late May that year, at a cost of £1,008.
The Anglican parishes of Esk and Toogoolawah were amalgamated as the Brisbane Valley parish in 1928, and the rector has resided since at Toogoolawah rather than at Esk.
","criteria":"St Andrew's Rectory, erected in 1925, is significant historically in illustrating the consolidation of the Anglican Church in Toogoolawah.
|It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an intact 1920s weatherboard Queensland house, and is a good example of its type.
|It exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, including the aesthetic contribution of building and grounds to the Toogoolawah townscape, and the aesthetic quality of the timber verandahs.
|St Andrew's Rectory has a strong association with the Toogoolawah community, being an integral part of an historic, visually cohesive and picturesque precinct comprising St Andrew's church [600502], church hall [600500], and rectory [600501] and adjacent McConnel Park [600499].
|St Andrew's Rectory has a special association with the McConnel family and their contribution to the development of social and community life in Toogoolawah.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15277,"place_ref":600502,"name":"St Andrew's Church","alternate_name":"St Andrews Church; St Andrews Church Toogoolawah; St Andrew's Church Toogoolawah","street_address":"Mangerton Street","suburb":"TOOGOOLAWAH","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"This timber church is set amongst mature trees on a corner site forming the north western boundary to McConnel Park. The church hall is located on the southern side of the building with the rectory further to the south. The building shows influences of stylistic trends popular around federation.
The steep-pitch gable roof is clad with timber shingles and features projecting gables suggestive of a transept. The eaves slope at a lesser pitch to the main roof and carry across the gable fronts. The gables feature a dark timber grid pattern on a white background and have a cross above at the east and west end. The rear vestry has a hipped shingle roof.
The building is clad in dark painted weatherboards and sits on timber stumps. The building features timber buttresses which were added at a later date. Internally, the buttress members are bolted to the tie-beam and truss posts.
The rectangular plan has a projecting transept to the south. The floor is raised in the sanctuary, pulpit and altar with a post and beam timber screen which forms two side aisles leading to the vestry. Queen-post trusses form the roof with a horizontal boarded ceiling under the collar beam which rakes away to the cornice. The ceiling features square latticed vents, and the projecting transept houses the organ and has a flat ceiling with two curved timber brackets.
Internal timber is unpainted. A carved timber cross and the organ pipes are positioned above the tie-beam in front of the transept. Internal walls are of vertically jointed boards and window units consist of three timber framed lancets with pale green leadlight glazing, some of which have stained glass inserts.
Pointed arches form the western door and vestry doors, and the highly intact interior contains original pews, some altar furniture and storage cupboards.
A round stone baptismal font is positioned at the western end of the nave and fluorescent lighting has been attached to the underside of the tie-beams. The internal walls and ceiling of the vestry are lined with fibro panels with timber cover strips.
The grounds include a number of mature trees, mainly to the south and south east of the church, screening the view from McConnel Park.
","history":"St Andrew's Church was constructed in 1911-12 for the Anglican congregation in Toogoolawah, on land donated in 1911 by Mary Elizabeth McConnel of Cressbrook.
The town of Cressbrook Creek (later Toogoolawah) was founded when her husband, JH McConnel, subdivided a large section of the Cressbrook estate in the late 1890s, and established a condensed milk factory on Cressbrook Creek in 1898. The town expanded when the rail connection to Ipswich was completed in 1904, and again after purchase of the factory by the Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company Ltd in 1907.
Prior to construction of the church, services at Cressbrook Creek had been conducted at the Union Church, and then in the Anglican hall built by the McConnels in 1906.
Brisbane diocesan architect Robin Smith Dods prepared the designs for the church in 1908. He was well known to the McConnels, having designed in 1901 the Victoria Chapel at Cressbrook station.
St Andrews was erected in 1911-12 by local contractor AD Menzies, who constructed most of the buildings in Toogoolawah until the mid-1920s. The contract price was £839. It was completed in January 1912, and dedicated in the following May.
At some time after 1930 the walls were buttressed, following storm damage. The original split cedar shingles were replaced in 1966 with sawn shingles of local iron bark and crow's ash.
","criteria":"St Andrews' Church at Toogoolawah, erected in 1911-12, is significant historically in illustrating the establishment of the Anglican Church in Toogoolawah.
|It is a very fine example of a timber church distinguished by its scale, form and materials, and an excellent example of the ecclesiastical work of Brisbane architect Robin Smith Dods.
|St Andrew's Church has a strong association with the Toogoolawah community, being an integral part of an historic, visually cohesive and picturesque precinct comprising St Andrew's church [600502], church hall [600500], and rectory [600501] and adjacent McConnel Park [600499].
|St Andrew's Church has a strong association with the Toogoolawah community, being an integral part of an historic, visually cohesive and picturesque precinct comprising St Andrew's church [600502], church hall [600500], and rectory [600501] and adjacent McConnel Park [600499].
|The place has a special association with the McConnel family and their contribution to the establishment of the Anglican church in Toogoolawah.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15278,"place_ref":600503,"name":"Cressbrook Homestead","alternate_name":"Cressbrook","street_address":"Cressbrook Caboombah Road","suburb":"CRESSBROOK","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"Cressbrook Homestead comprises a number of buildings, structures and garden elements which are significant. The buildings include the principal house, known as the House with outbuildings, a secondary house, known as the Cottage, a timber chapel; an early stables; an explosives store; dairy complex, various animal shelters and two small residences.
The site is accessed along a gravel driveway which leads east into the complex over a small timber bridge. The House and Cottage are located to the north of the property overlooking the Brisbane River and adjacent river flats. The chapel, to the west of the Cottage, is one of the first buildings encountered on the approach to the complex. Various outbuildings extend to the east of the House, with the dairy complex at the extreme east of the listing boundary and other buildings on the south of the approach road.
The House
The House comprises some of the oldest buildings at Cressbrook, including an 1840s slab wing. The buildings forming the house are arranged such that the principal sections face northward and overlook the Brisbane River, with the kitchen wing and outbuildings forming a courtyard to the rear, southern side of the complex.
Specifically, the House comprises two vertical slab wings at right angles to one another and joined by a two storeyed corner section. To the rear of this large principal building are two smaller timber buildings, which complete a courtyard.
The corner section of the principal building, joining the two slab wings is a timber framed residence, clad with horizontal chamfered boards, single storeyed with a loft in the roof space. The building is clad with a corrugated iron gabled roof, the gabled ends on the northern and southern ends of the buildings. The pitch of the roof changes from being steep over the central core to a shallower pitch over the former verandah spaces. Two brick chimneys with corbelled tops project above the roof line.
The entrance elevation of this building faces west and has a centrally located recessed entrance to which access is provided through an adjacent arbor formed by vine on a timber and mesh trellis. Extending from the entrance door recess into the arbor is a timber boarded platform. The six panelled cedar entrance door is flanked by two long narrow rectangular window openings.
On the north elevation, overlooking the Brisbane River, this section of the house is lined with a verandah at the eastern end of which, the verandah expands to form an open pavilion space with hipped roof. This pavilion serves to connect the verandahs of this section and the two slab wings of the House. The verandah awning and pavilion roof are lined with fibrous cement ceilings braced with timber cover strips and the whole is supported on rectangular planned columns which taper towards the top. Simple timber dowel balustrading links the columns. Remnants of bamboo blinds painted cream and dark green in thin vertical strips, have been uncovered in recent maintenance work.
The interior of this section of the House is largely constructed from unpainted timber boarding, mostly red cedar though some of the ceilings in the internal rooms have been painted. Internally this section of the house is arranged around a central corridor running from the entrance on the east, parallel to the verandah on the north, to another door on the verandah on the east. The hall is divided to form an entrance vestibule on its western end by square planned timber columns, with mouldings articulating the base, body and capital of the columns.
The verandah along the western side of the building was infilled and rooms have been formed along this side, with access provided to them from the entrance vestibule. These rooms retain the sloping ceiling of the early verandah. The main hallway, from the entrance area, provides access to four rooms, which have a variety of internal timber cladding; wide vertical beaded boards and wide horizontal boards. Each of these four rooms have been fitted with a red cedar fireplace.
On the southern external wall of this section of the House is a straight timber stair leading to the loft area which runs centrally above the house, terminating in a small balcony on the northern elevation. The balcony is detailed with columns and balustrading similar to that of the ground floor verandah and pavilion.
The wing extending eastward, parallel to the Brisbane River, is a timber building constructed from vertical slabs with a hipped corrugated iron roof with shallower pitch over the verandahs which run along the north and south façades. The vertical timber slabs which make up the external walls are chamfered at the ends and fitted within beaded top and bottom plates and interspersed among the slabs are vertical uprights of sawn timber.
Internally this wing is divided into three main rooms, with smaller rooms created on the infilled verandah along the southern side. Openings from this wing include French doors and sliding six-pane windows.
The wing extending southward from the main house, the kitchen wing is constructed similarly to the eastward reaching wing, but with sawn vertical slabs. The steeply pitched corrugated iron roof of this wing changes pitch to form verandah awnings. A substantial brick chimney extends from the southern end of the wing.
There are five other timber buildings in the precinct of the House. A small asymmetrical cottage clad with horizontal boards and with a gable corrugated iron roof is situated forming the eastern boundary of the courtyard and has three rooms and a verandah facing the courtyard. To the east of this is a small but high one roomed single skinned and externally framed and braced building with a gabled corrugated iron roof and several unglazed window openings. Forming the southern boundary of the courtyard is another small two roomed building clad with vertical boards and with several sliding window openings. To the west of the southern wing of the House is another small timber cottage, clad with horizontal timber board.
One of the most prominent elements of the House precinct is a large Bunya Pine tree. This tree is located adjacent to the pavilion space on the verandah and is one of the oldest trees on the site.
The Cottage
The Cottage is located to the west of the House complex, overlooking the Brisbane River to the north. The Cottage is an amalgam of various stages of building work, a very early section to the east of the building to which an extra room was added to the west. Verandahs line all sides of this section of the cottage, though on the south side these have been infilled in several sections. Verandahs extend the house to the west and join to it two disparate structures. Also there is a recent gabled extension from the south elevation of the house.
The main section of the Cottage has a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof which becomes shallower at the line of the external walls, demarcating the verandah. To this roof a narrow corrugated iron awning is supported on slender timber brackets attached to the verandah posts on the northern elevation and on slender posts on the southern and eastern. Beneath the corrugated iron of the main roof an intact timber shingled roof survives.
The early part of the Cottage, at the eastern end of the present building, is constructed with a timber frame and brick nogging. This early structure has been lined with horizontal timber chamfered boarding, possibly when the western room was added which is timber framed and clad with similar chamfered boards. Sections of brick nogging have been left uncovered on the upper external walls.
Entrance to the cottage is through a small gabled awning on the south facing elevation which is supported on columns and identifies the place of entrance through the verandah. This small awning is emphasised by the placement of two substantial face brick chimney shafts projecting from the roof on this southern side symmetrically arranged on either side of the entrance, at the line on the roof where the pitch changes to accommodate the verandah.
The buildings at the western end of the Cottage are timber framed and clad with horizontal timber boards. Between these additions and the Cottage is an open concreted floor shelter space which is joined to the verandahs. An open extension used as a shelter for cars extends from the south of the Cottage, and consists of a corrugated iron gabled roof supported on timber posts.
As with the buildings forming the House precinct, the Cottage generally has sliding six paned window openings and french doors opening onto verandahs. From the entrance vestibule access is given to the infilled verandah flanking this area, and, to the north, access is provided to two of the principal three rooms of the house. One of these rooms, located centrally within the house has a large bay window opening onto the northern facing verandah. This extends with a rectangular plan into the verandah and houses four full length vertical sash windows which are framed in a timber structure of about 2500mm high and features shallow timber pilasters and the structure is surmounted by an entablature.
Internally the older sections of the Cottage have lath and plaster walls and ceilings, timber floors, and some original joinery. The upper parts of the walls taper in towards the room as they reach the ceiling. Chimney breasts are found in two of the early rooms, and towards the ceiling these taper outward. Remnants of early wall paper survive in several of the rooms, and efforts have been made by the present owners to repaper one of the rooms with a reconstructed paper.
Between the Cottage and the House is an early tennis court, which survives intact with boundary fencing, posts, surfacing and planting. Near the tennis court is a large and early set of two swings, supported on timber posts.
The Chapel
The timber chapel at Cressbrook is one of the first buildings seen as one enters the property, situated to the south of the Cottage. Surrounding the chapel and adjacent graveyard is a recent timber, post and rail fence.
The Chapel is a rectangular building, consisting of a nave and a small side porch on the eastern end of the south façade of the building. The building has a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof which is gabled at the eastern and western ends with overhanging eaves. The eave overhang continues to form a roof for the porch, giving the otherwise symmetrical building, an asymmetrical form as the roof overhangs much further on the southern edge than on the northern. A timber battened panel is attached to the upper section plain barge boards of the gables on the east and west façades of the building.
The timber framed church is clad with horizontal timber boards and is slightly elevated on round timber stumps, though these and the cavity beneath the building are concealed with a timber boarded 'skirt', which extends to the ground from the floor level allowing only the stump caps to be seen.
The eastern façade has two centrally located windows, of slender rectangular openings fitted with leadlight windows. Tracery divides the rectangular panels into three openings, a lancet-esque opening with tre-foiled arched head and, above this, two smaller tre-foiled shapes. The openings are glazed with diamond mullioned glass. A timber sill projects from the base of the windows.
Along both the northern and southern façades of the buildings are three similar window openings. The porch, which is reached on three open tread timber steps on the southern façade comprises a gabled awning projecting from the extended roof overhang. This is supported on timber columns with a timber lintel spanning the distance between the columns, carved with 'VICTORIA 1901 CHAPEL'. A bell hangs within the gable of the porch.
The porch provides access to the double timber boarded door which is braced with slender iron hinged brackets. The door opening is rectangular with a segmental arched head.
Internally, the chapel is a single space, divided into seven bays by the heavy hammer beam roof trusses. The cavities created between the hammerbeam and the roof lining is infilled with a carved timber detail. Likewise, the cavity between the collar beam and the roof is infilled with timber battening, similar to that of the battening in the gables of the exterior of the church. The line of the roof truss continues on the internal wall with slender timber pilasters. The walls of the church are lined with vertical timber boards and the ceiling is lined with similar boards running parallel to the nave of the church. At the western end of the chapel is a small platform extending on which sits three pieces of furniture; a lectern, altar table and chair, all designed in keeping with the building.
Outbuildings
Many early outbuildings and structures survive at Cressbrook including two tank stands, draft stables, an explosives store, dairy complex, cattle dip and early workers' residences.
Two tank stands survive, one round stand between the House and Cottage and another, square stand near the explosives store at the eastern end of the built up area at Cressbrook. The stands comprise a large number of timber posts extending many metres upwards, forming a dense 'forest' of columns. The iron tanks surmounting these structures survive, corrugated iron on the circular stand, and cast iron on the square stand.
A large open shed comprising an expansive hipped corrugated iron roof supported on timber posts forms part of the early draft stables. This building houses an early carriage, apparently acquired by the McConnels from the Queensland Government when a present was made to the Government of some red deer which were freed near Cressbrook. On the northern side of the stables is a large recess, where the roof is cut out.
A small explosives store is situated to the east of the stables and this is a small rectangular planned building constructed of prefabricated concrete blocks, and has a hipped roof. Several small residences survive on the southern side of the approach drive, this are mainly timber framed and clad buildings some with verandahs and garages.
A dairy complex survives at the eastern end of this built up area and this comprises a number of interconnected open shed with corrugated iron roofs supported on timber posts. Holding yards abutting the dairy also survive. Sections of the cattle dip and several other outbuildings along with extensive early fencing and shelters survive on this southern side of the approach road.
Significant early plantings and gardens survive at Cressbrook.
","history":"Cressbrook Homestead was constructed as the head station of the Cressbrook Run which was taken up by the McConnel family in 1841.
\nDavid Cannon McConnel arrived in Sydney from Britain in February 1840 where he purchased sheep and started searching for a suitable pastoral lease. His search took him northward to the Moreton Bay region recently opened for selection after the closure of the penal colony. After this event, many eager British immigrants, including the Leslie Brothers, Wickham, the Bigge Brothers and John Balfour were selecting land in the Moreton Bay area. McConnel pressed northward past the rich Darling Downs into the Brisbane River Valley which became the next centre of pastoral development after land on the Darling Downs was fully selected. The Brisbane River Valley was explored by both Cunningham and Logan in the late 1820s and many squatters took up land in the early 1840s.
\nOn 15 July 1841 David McConnel took up 240 square miles of land in the Valley, with the Brisbane River and a creek running through. David McConnel was the son of James McConnel who founded a machine making company in Manchester after which, in 1835, he became the owner of the long established and Cressbrook Mill in Derbyshire where lace thread was produced. It was here that the McConnels established their family home and it was to commemorate this place that David McConnel named his Australian property and the creek running through the property. Within one year, Francis and Frederic Bigge established the adjoining Mount Brisbane Station and six months after this John Balfour took up land on the other side of Cressbrook for his station, Colinton.
\nMcConnel established Cressbrook as a sheep farm but found the land more suitable for Shorthorn cattle which were introduced by 1845. He constructed a timber slab house in 1841 but because the location was deemed unsuitable another two-roomed slab house was constructed with verandah overlooking the Brisbane River to the north. Two Bunya pine trees were planted by McConnel at the west end of this verandah. The slab hut and one of the Bunya pines survives to this day; the hut now forming the eastern wing of the principal house.
\nDavid McConnel returned to Britain in 1847 where he married Mary McLeod of Edinburgh on 25 April, 1847. Mary's parents were against the pair returning to Australia and therefore the newly weds settled in Nottinghamshire, though financial difficulties at Cressbrook, which had been left in the hands of managers, necessitated their return in 1849. They returned aboard one of the three boats chartered by Doctor Lang for the transport of Presbyterians to the new colony. In Australia, David and Mary McConnel settled in Brisbane, establishing the house, Toogoolawah, now known as Bulimba House.
\nOn 1 January 1851 David McConnel's brother, John, joined in partnership with his brother and they purchased Durundur Station, previously belonging to the Archers, who moved to the Burnett region. In 1851 the McConnels owned 400 cattle and 10,000 sheep on both of the Brisbane River Valley properties.
\nDavid McConnel returned to England with his seriously ill wife in 1854 and they did not return to Cressbrook until 1862, when the partnership between David and John McConnel was dissolved with John McConnel taking exclusive rights at Durundur and David maintaining the ownership of Cressbrook. Upon David and Mary's return to Cressbrook extensive alterations were made to the slab hut, which was from an early date known as the House, to distinguish it from the Cottage which was built nearby. This addition to the House comprised the construction of a timber section, two storeyed in part and generally larger in scale than the wing to which it was abutted. A kitchen wing, another timber slab building, was added to the south of the House.
\nAs well another residence was constructed at Cressbrook, the previously mentioned Cottage which was built further west of the House and overlooking the Brisbane River and adjacent flood plain. The Cottage was unusual as it was a timber framed building with brick nogging. Although few records exist to suggest who built this or when, the peculiarly German method of construction suggests that there may have been a German influence, and it is known that David McConnel could speak German. The building was thought to have been constructed in the 1860s and was used as a residence for various farm managers and, later, the families of McConnel children.
\nThis construction work brought many people to the station, \"splitters, sawyers, carpenters, builders, bricklayers\". Along with the farmhands and managers, these additional people created a small township at Cressbrook and attempts were made by the McConnels to establish a school for the children, one of the first in the Brisbane River Valley, and a library for the men in one of the rooms of the Cottage. Weekly Presbyterian church services were held in the recently constructed addition to the House.
\nMary McConnel and her daughter, also Mary, wrote memoirs about Cressbrook, describing the buildings, gardens and generally the life on the station. Younger Mary's recollection of the Cottage includes, \"Through the hand-gate in front of the entrance porch (of the House) was a small paddock which divided the House from the Cottage; it had swings and a few silky oaks. The Cottage was of brick with a steep shingled roof; two or three gentlemen...were lodged under the efficient charge of a Scottish working-housekeeper\". She continues on to describe living on the verandah of the House,
\nIndoor occupation was varied and constant. One says indoor - yet it was carried out for the most part on the wide verandah, shaded from the sun by blinds. These came from Java or Japan; they were made of long strips of cane painted green and rolled up in the evening by cords on small pulleys. On the verandah peaches were stoned for jam, oranges peeled for marmalade and quinces carefully paired and cored for jelly. There was a wide table where the many kerosene lamps were washed and trimmed every morning and set ready to be carried to their respective rooms at night. There was the indispensable treadle sewing machine, and in a cool corner, in a draught, stood a filter with a tap and a tin pannikin, near it a large porous water-jar swathed in damp flannel for evaporation.
\nIn 1873 David Cannon McConnel retired from managing Cressbrook and one of his sons, James Henry (Henry) assumed responsibility. David and Mary moved to Witton Manor at Indooroopilly on the Brisbane River, which was later moved to the Tighnabruaich house site, and is now demolished. From her new situation in Brisbane, Mary McConnel was influential in establishing one of the first children's hospitals in Australia which was opened on 11 March 1878. Soon after this on 16 June 1885, David died in London where he had gone to have an operation.
\nA partnership had been formed previously which saw Cressbrook owned by a company formed by David and his four sons, Henry, David Rose, Eric Walter and Edward John and their sister Mary McLeod Banks (nee McConnel). This company, without David, continued to run Cressbrook for many years after his death. Through the 1880s Government resumptions of land for closer settlement reduced the Cressbrook holding until it was about 4 and 3/4 square miles.
\nIn 1899 a condensed milk factory was established on the Cressbrook run by James Henry McConnel and milk for this was supplied by a dairy at Cressbrook and many other surrounding farms, carved from the Cressbrook property, of which there were about thirty by 1910. The milk factory was sold, with 3000 acres, being about four farms, to the Nestles Anglo-Swiss Company in 1906, as finances continued in an unsettled way with the dissolution of the partnership and the purchase, by Henry McConnel of the Cressbrook Homestead and some 14 000 acres surrounding the residences and outbuildings by December 1907.
\nIn 1901 a timber chapel, designed by renowned architect Robin S. Dods was constructed, to the west of the principal residences and on a prominent position as one entered the property. The chapel was ecumenical, serving the religions of all creeds of the station workers and was built to commemorate the silver wedding anniversary of Henry and Madge McConnel. This was one of Dods' early ecclesiastical buildings, later he designed several other timber churches and chapels including Saint Andrews Anglican Church (1912) nearby at Toogoolawah, as well as many prominent masonry buildings as the Anglican Diocesan Architect. In about 1914, after the death of Henry, his wife organised for alterations to the House also designed by Dods, integrating the disparate verandahs lining the northern face of the building, with a large open pavilion, as well as some internal work.
\nA detailed plan of Cressbrook in 1910 was prepared by Kenneth McConnel for a publication by him, Planning the Australian Homestead (Ure Smith, Sydney, 1947). This details all of the buildings and structures within the vicinity of the principal residences and shows this area as a small township which included numerous outbuildings and homes for workers and their families. Provision was made for bachelors' quarters, married men's quarters, single men's quarters, a school house, chapel, various stores and shops along with stables, killing shed, milking baths, bull stables, hay shed, wagon shed and draft stables and cattle dip. Of these structures and buildings, many survive including two large tank stands, the draft stables, an explosives store, parts of the cattle dip, one of the bachelors' quarters and one of the married men's quarters.
\nCressbrook continues through the twentieth century as a working pastoral station in the hands of the McConnel family.
","criteria":"Cressbrook Homestead was established by David Cannon McConnel in 1841, the first run taken in the Brisbane Valley. The run demonstrates the development of Queensland, particularly the Brisbane River Valley area in the 1840s, after it was opened to settlement with the closure of the penal colony. The property illustrates the development of pastoral practices in Queensland, particularly the development of dairying in the Brisbane River Valley.
|Cressbrook has many rare built elements including an early 1840s slab hut; a timber chapel with fittings designed by Robin Dods; an 1860s timber framed and brick nogged house and various other 1860s buildings. The site remains remarkably intact, though continual additions have been made very few early structures have been removed from the site.
|The early date of Cressbrook with its many extant features suggest that a potential exists for further historical and archaeological research which may yield information which will contribute to an understanding of early Queensland station life.
|The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an early Queensland pastoral station. The arrangement of the early buildings and their relationship to the working farm and outbuildings provides important evidence of early station life. The chapel is an important and characteristic example of the work of renowned architect, Robin S. Dods. The early station buildings are good intact examples of slab huts constructed in the mid-nineteenth century.
|Cressbrook has enormous aesthetic significance; the entire site has a picturesque quality resulting from the layering of various periods of building construction over 150 years and the siting of these buildings overlooking the Brisbane River. The chapel has significant architectural merit as a well designed example of Australian Arts and Crafts ecclesiastical architecture adapted for Queensland conditions. The quality of this building including materials, detailing, siting, composition of the external facades, fittings and furniture, is exceptional.
The chapel, one of the first ecclesiastical buildings designed by Robin Dods in Queensland displays a high degree of creative achievement, in its employment of the Arts and Craft idiom of the turn of the century, in which Dods was well versed and innovative.
|Cressbrook has special associations with the Brisbane River Valley community as their first settled station and a place of employment for many hundreds of local residents and their families many of whom remain in the area.
|The place is associated with the prominent McConnel family who still own Cressbrook and were instrumental in the development of the Valley and the town of Esk; also with Robin Dods who designed the chapel and extensions to the House.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion C | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":15413,"place_ref":600638,"name":"Kilcoy Homestead","alternate_name":"The Kilcoy Homestead","street_address":"Kilcoy-Murgon Road","suburb":"KILCOY","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1992-10-21","description":"Kilcoy Homestead, a single-storeyed brick residence with a hipped corrugated iron roof, is located at the end of a ridge to the north of Kilcoy, overlooking Kilcoy Creek and surrounding farmland. The building, reflecting a strong Georgian influence in its design, is approached from the southwest via a driveway along the ridge top.
The building, L-shaped in plan, is constructed of English Bond brickwork and is surrounded by verandahs with the southern side being enclosed. French doors with shutters open onto verandahs which have unlined corrugated iron skillion roofs and timber posts. The main entry is positioned centrally on the northeast, with a set of brick steps accessing the verandah to a flat arched doorway with double cedar panelled doors with fanlight and sidelights opening to the entrance hall. A matching doorway accesses the entrance hall from the enclosed rear verandah.
The building's core is one room deep, with the northeast wing consisting of a central entry hall, a bedroom on the north, a living room on the south, store rooms at the southern end and brick lean-to store rooms at the rear. The rear wing has one large bedroom, an enclosed verandah on the south housing a kitchen and a brick lean-to at the rear housing a bathroom.
Internally, the walls are plastered, the ceilings are boarded and skirtings, doors and architraves are of cedar. The entry hall has unset sandstone flagging to the floor and other principal rooms have boarded floors. The two northeast rooms have fireplaces with timber surrounds. The kitchen and bathroom are later alterations. The southern store rooms have a loft space, and a basement wine cellar which is no longer accessible. The lean-to store rooms at the rear, one being the former lamp room, have concrete floors.
The homestead grounds include mature Bunya Pines, with other plantings of native and european trees. A terraced area to the northeast of the building may be the site of an early tennis court.
The remains of a brick shed is located to the southwest of the building. This consists of two side walls, the northern one housing a fireplace, with a freestanding gable roof supported on metal posts.
A former railway station building, titled WINYA and constructed of weatherboard with a corrugated iron gable roof, has been moved onto the site and is located between the homestead and the brick shed.
A dairy and stables, constructed of brick and timber with a corrugated iron gable roof, is located further to the southwest alongside the driveway.
","history":"Kilcoy Homestead, a single-storeyed, substantial brick residence, was constructed c.1857, for the Hon. Louis Hope, British aristocrat and Queensland grazier, sugar plantation owner and politician. The remnants of the early brick cottage on the site, also erected for Hope, date to the mid-1860s.
The Kilcoy run had been taken up as a sheep station by brothers Evan and Colin Mackenzie, of Kilcoy, Scotland, who had started clearing the land and erecting huts by early July 1841. In October that year they secured the run officially, taking out the second pastoral licence issued for the Upper Brisbane. In the New South Wales Government Gazette of 11 May 1848, Kilcoy was described as comprising over 35,000 acres (14,000 hectares), bounded on the south by Frederic and Francis Bigge's Mt Brisbane Station, on the east by the Archers' Durundur Station, on the west by John Balfour's Colinton run, and to the north by the mountains separating Wide Bay from the Brisbane Valley. Establishment of Kilcoy station was resisted by the indigenous population, and the run is infamous for the mass poisoning of Aborigines that occurred there in February 1842.
As on most early stations, the first Kilcoy head station, erected in mid-1841, was a simple slab hut. In 1844 this was replaced by a brick dwelling, described in February 1845 as containing five rooms - one a large sitting room 20 feet by 20 feet and four bedrooms 10 by 10 feet opening from the parlour - with a verandah in front. The kitchen, which may have been the early slab dwelling, stood about 40 yards from the rear of the new residence, and was demolished c1928.
Although Colin Mackenzie remained in Moreton Bay and the Darling Downs until about 1857, Evan Mackenzie left Moreton Bay in mid-1845. Their Kilcoy run was transferred to Charles A Atherton in 1849, then to the Hon. Louis Hope and Robert Ramsay in 1853. Whether Ramsay ever worked the station is not clear; Hope was running it with the assistance of a superintendent by October 1857, when bricks were being fired on the property in preparation for the construction of his new residence, the present homestead. The 1844 residence was white-ant ridden, and is understood to have been demolished when the c.1857 house was completed. In 1863, Hope purchased Ramsey's interest in Kilcoy.
Hope had arrived in New South Wales in 1843, was an active participant in early Queensland economic and political life, and was instrumental in the development of the sugar industry in Queensland. In the 1850s he purchased and/or leased extensive landholdings in the Moreton region, including Kilcoy Station in 1853, Shafston House (QHR 600241) at Kangaroo Point in 1854, and land at Cleveland, 1852-55. Hope's Cleveland property, named Ormiston (QHR 600775), was being farmed by c1858, and in the early 1860s he experimented there first with cotton, then sugar cane, establishing at Ormiston Queensland's first sugar plantation. In 1864-65, Hope erected at Ormiston a substantial brick residence, not unlike the Kilcoy homestead, but more ornate. From this time the Hope family lived principally at Ormiston House, the homestead at Kilcoy became the manager's residence, and a brick cottage was built at Kilcoy for use by Louis Hope on his frequent visits to the property.
William Butler was appointed manager of Kilcoy in 1871, commencing an association with Kilcoy that lasted over 50 years. In 1882 the Hopes returned to England, leaving Kilcoy and Ormiston, which was rented out, under Butler's supervision. At Kilcoy, Butler established excellent relationships with local Aborigines, and after his death a Kilcoy street was named after him and a monument erected in his honour.
Louis Hope died in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1894, but Kilcoy Homestead remained the property of his heirs until 1908, when the house on 524 acres freehold was purchased by William Butler. Local grazier Jeremiah Kennedy of Monte Cassino, acquired the homestead in 1922. Kennedy was very involved in local government and like previous owners, committed to horseracing. Kilcoy Homestead remains the property of the Kennedy family, but a caretaker has been in residence for many years.
","criteria":"Kilcoy Homestead is significant to Queensland history because it is one of the oldest surviving homesteads in the Brisbane Valley, and in Queensland. Built c1857 for prominent Queensland pioneer, the Hon. Louis Hope, MLC, it has a close connection with 19th century Queensland pastoral development, and in particular with the growth of the pastoral industry in the Brisbane Valley.
|Kilcoy Homestead is significant because it is a rare, well-preserved, substantial, late 1850s brick homestead, illustrating a class of buildings which were rare in Queensland at the time of construction, and are even more rare now.
|(Criterion under review)
|In its use of local hand-made bricks and timber from the property, Kilcoy Homestead is illustrative both of the contraints placed upon early Queensland pioneers in their attempts to 'civilise' their bush environment, and of the means and methods adopted to overcome these constraints.
|Kilcoy Homestead, a fine example of an 1850s residence reflecting a strong Georgian design influence, together with its dramatic siting and stand of mature trees, imbues a sense of landmark in the surrounding landscape. The simple detailing and interior finishes of the homestead expresses quality of design and workmanship.
|Since 1922 it has been associated with the Kennedy family and their long-standing contribution to the Brisbane Valley community.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion C | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":16387,"place_ref":601626,"name":"Stonehouse","alternate_name":"Moore Stone Houses","street_address":"8777 D'Aguilar Highway","suburb":"MOORE","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2002-10-25","description":"'Stonehouse' currently comprises three stone structures on the southern side of the highway between Moore and Nanango. They are on a spur that drops away sharply to the west to a creek and river flat. The ridge rising behind the buildings is thought to have been the source for the stone used in construction.
Closest to the highway, which was the former coach road, are the remains of the main building. These ruins comprise one single storey wing of rubble laid with a lime mortar. The timber window and doorframes remain, though the windows and door they held have gone. Sections of a pole roof frame also survive. The rest of this building has collapsed and though sections of wall can be discerned, much of the stone has been removed over time.
Directly behind to one side of this building is a detached kitchen and pantry. This building is intact. It is rectangular in plan and is also constructed of rubble. It has a verandah roof supported on timber posts along one side over an earth floor. The gabled roof is clad with corrugated iron over a frame of poles and pit-sawn beams although the battens have been renewed. The walls are higher inside than outside and are formed around the roof beams and door lintels. The end wall to the rear contains a chimney that has been repaired with brick at the top. The interior of the structure has been limewashed and has a timber floor. There is a wide fireplace and working bench for cooking at one end with a brick floor around the hearth. At the other end of the building is a room with a lean to roof and a brick floor, which is thought to have been used as a pantry.
The store and butcher's shop is of similar construction and is set further back on the site and about 25 metres away from the kitchen, which was once separated from it by an internal laneway. The store has a gabled roof clad in corrugated iron with battens for shingles underneath. It comprises three rooms: a large room with a timber floor and two small rooms at the end of the building. These are connected with each other, but not with the timber floored section. The room at the rear has stone paving visible under a concrete topping. The wall at this end of the building has been clad in corrugated iron and a section at the front in recycled timber slabs.
One metre behind the store is a large modern metal shed in the position once occupied by the smithy and fowl yards. There is no visible trace of the outbuildings once located at the rear of the property.
A mid twentieth century timber building on low stumps is located at the front of the property and is the current residence.
","history":"'Stonehouse' is a group of related stone buildings on the D'Aguilar Highway, formerly part of the old coach road between Esk and Nanango, which were built in the 1870s and 1880s as part of a homestead and wayside inn complex.
The land on which the complex was built had been part of a pastoral run called 'Colinton', which was taken up by John and Robert Balfour in 1841. The early 1840s were a period of pastoral expansion in the Moreton Bay, Darling Downs and Brisbane Valley Regions following the winding down and closure of the penal colony at Moreton Bay. Although the Darling Downs had been visited in 1827 by explorer Alan Cunningham, who had reported favourably on the suitability of the district for pastoralism, the presence of the fifty-mile exclusion zone around the penal colony and consequent lack of port access had discouraged early settlement. In 1840, the Leslie brothers arrived from the Clarence River district and took up Canning Downs, the first pastoral run on the Downs. In 1841 the runs in the Brisbane Valley were Cressbrook, Colinton and Farney Lawn taken up under licences to occupy Crown Land beyond the limit of settlement. By 1842, when Moreton Bay was thrown open for free settlement, a cluster of huge runs had claimed most of the productive land on the Darling Downs and searches for grazing country were extending north. The area around 'Stonehouse' was declared as pastoral district in May 1842 and the runs of Kilcoy, Taromeo, Taabinga and Burrandowan were taken up in that year.
In 1859 the new colony of Queensland was created and in the 1868 the Crown Lands Alienation Act was passed to make land available for closer settlement by drastically reducing the size of existing pastoral runs. This brought more settlers into the Brisbane Valley. In 1873 and 1874 around 30 members of the Williams family of Gloucestershire in England arrived in Queensland as immigrants. They settled in Brisbane, Ipswich and the Brisbane Valley. Robert Williams, a widower, had previously lived in Ipswich in the 1860s and in 1874 he selected two blocks of land totalling 2442 acres from the Colinton lease as a grazing property. His brother Charles with his wife Emma joined him. Charles, who was a stonemason, began work on a five-roomed stone house at the selection, which Robert had named 'Stonehouse' after the village in Gloucestershire where he had lived. The new building was close to a two-room slab house that the family presumably lived in during construction. Building in stone was an unusual choice in this area, but a natural one for a family of stonemasons, given the ready availability of the materia on site. Because the house was built of stone, the name later became corrupted to 'Stone House' or 'Stone Houses'.
In the 1870s, Edward (Ned) MacDonald started a coach and mail service between his hotel at Esk and Goode's Inn at Nanango along the old dray route. Several stops for changes of horses punctuated the trip. 'Stonehouse' was one of these and the Williams built stables on the river flats across the road from the inn. Robert Williams applied for and gained a hotel licence for the property in 1880 as the Stonehouse Hotel, Wallaby Creek, Colinton.
The places where major routes crossed watercourses were often used as camps by drovers and carriers and were excellent locations for inns that catered to travellers. These were places where one could obtain food and accommodation for people and horses, where it was usually possible to obtain the services of a blacksmith, leave or collect mail and gain information on the condition of the road ahead. The inns were also a social amenity as a source of company and conviviality on the road. Their services made the development of regular supply routes possible, which in turn made a major contribution to the way in which areas were opened up for European settlement.
In 1884 the 'Stonehouse' license was forfeited following an incident where Robert Williams was threatened with an axe following his attempt to intervene in a drink-fuelled argument between members of group of Aborigines camped near the hotel. continued to provide food and accommodation for travellers, however, and is mentioned in the popular 19th century ballad 'Brisbane Ladies' as being a stop on the road.
In 1882, Emma Williams died and was buried near the creek. This grave was washed away by a flood surge in the 1940s. Robert Williams remarried and a kitchen and pantry were constructed as apprentice work by his nephew Frank Williams. Charles Williams died in 1887 as the result of an accident near 'Taromeo' where he had been carrying out stonework. The last masonry work carried out at 'Stonehouse' was in 1888 when Frank Williams completed the store and butcher's shop.
In 1893, Alex MacCallum, who thereafter ran a coach service that used the facilities at 'Stonehouse', gained the mail contract. It ran until 1910, at first three times a week, then from 1902, twice a week. Times were changing and in 1900 a Royal Commission was appointed to investigate the possible route for a railway in the area, taking evidence at Esk, 'Cressbrook', 'Colinton' and 'Stonehouse', which were the coach stops. 'Colinton' was cut up and sold around this time, bringing in many new settlers and 'Stonehouse' acted as a provision store and butcher's shop for them.
A small township was surveyed at Moore, named for the then owners of 'Colinton', gaining a postal receiving office in 1903 and a post office in 1905. In 1910 a railway station opened at Moore.
Robert Williams had died in 1907 and was buried near Moore. A memorial made by Frank Williams, who had established a monumental masonry firm at Ipswich in 1901, marks his grave. Frank was later to construct many war memorials, including those at Esk, Gatton, Warwick and Ipswich. 'Stonehouse' was left in trust to a nephew, Thomas (TJC) Williams, who moved to the property with his family in 1908. A sale was then held of cattle, pigs and the post horses. At the time it was found that the buildings needed maintenance and by 1910 repairs and refurbishment had been carried out. By this time iron had already been laid over the original shingles. Between 1914 and 1918 the first house was demolished and the stables collapsed. A tennis court was erected in the vicinity of the stables.
In 1923 Jane Williams became ill and the family moved to Brisbane, leasing 'Stonehouse' to Allan Patterson who arranged for Arthur Ollenburg, a Williams family member, to manage the property. TJC Williams died in 1932 and Jane in 1933. The 'Stonehouse' land was subdivided and sold by auction. J J Tilley purchased the land containing Stonehouse and in 1939 it was bought by Barney Grant who continued to employ Arthur Ollenburg as manager. Grant died in 1945 and in 1946 his son took over the management of 'Stonehouse' and built a house for himself and his family. I
In 1950 a plaque recognising the historical significance of 'Stonehouse' to the area was affixed to the house, but between 1948 and 1960 the buggy shed, workshop, hayshed, poultry run, slaughterhouse and barn were demolished. In 1967 a storm removed the front verandah roof of the main building. A large crack in the wall had developed and a section of the house was then demolished. The Esk Shire Council used stone blocks from this section to construct a picnic shelter at Moore.
The house was inspected and drawn by Karl Langer for the National Trust of Queensland in 1969. Since then the buildings have continued to deteriorate and the proportion of the main building still standing has diminished. The current owners purchased the property in order to preserve it in January 2001.
","criteria":"'Stonehouse' is a group of stone buildings surviving from an early wayside inn and as such illustrates the pattern of European settlement in Queensland. Inns serviced early supply routes by providing food and accommodation, fresh horses and a mail exchange and greatly facilitated the spread of European settlement. In particular the 'Stonehouse' complex illustrates the transition of the surrounding area from pastoral settlement in the early 1840s to closer settlement from the 1870s when the first structures at 'Stonehouse' were built.
|The inn complex is rare in Queensland both as a surviving example of a travellers' inn and as a group of early stone buildings that utilise material found on site.
|The 'Stonehouse' inn, its subsidiary structures and the area around them, which formed part of the inn yards, have the potential to reveal information about the operation of wayside inns in Queensland.
|'Stonehouse' is a good example of its kind and preserves examples of early building techniques in both stone and timber.
|The 'Stonehouse' complex has strong aesthetic appeal as a group of well made traditional buildings that are pleasing in form, materials and detail. The use of local stone makes them visually harmonious with the landscape and their prominent position above the highway has made them a well-liked landmark.
|'Stonehouse' has associations with several generations of the Williams family, who emigrated from Gloucestershire to Queensland as an extended family group in the early 1870s. It has particular associations with Charles and Frank Williams who constructed the building, Frank Williams later becoming a notable monumental mason.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion C | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":16551,"place_ref":601814,"name":"Jimna Fire Tower","alternate_name":"SEQ-4C 8","street_address":"Murgon-Kilcoy Road","suburb":"JIMNA","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"1999-07-23","description":"The Jimna fire tower is located approximately one kilometre west of Jimna, on the southern side of the Kilcoy-Murgon Road. The Jimna fire tower is 47 metres high (pole length is 44 metres).
The tower comprises three ironbark poles in a triangular plan, which taper inwards from the base of the tower to the top of the tower. Each pole consists of two logs spliced together approximately halfway up the height of the tower, and is set into a concrete footing at the base of the tower. Poles are braced and cross-braced.
The poles support a hexagonal cabin at the top of the tower, accessed by a timber staircase which wraps around the outside of the tower. The staircase includes a series of small platforms.
A picnic area surrounding the base of the tower includes a car park, picnic tables and toilets.
","history":"Completed in 1977 by Arthur Leis, and still in use for fire detection, this timber fire tower is located one kilometre west of the township of Jimna, at the top of the Jimna Range. Supported by three ironbark poles or 'legs', the Jimna fire tower is the tallest fire tower in Queensland with a tower height of 47 metres (pole length is 44 metres).
\nThe township of Jimna (formerly Foxlowe) was established in 1922, following the relocation from Monsildale of the sawmill operated by the firm of Hancock and Gore. Hancock and Gore had commenced sawmilling operations at Monsildale in 1912. The entire township was moved, including sawmill, houses, shop, store and school.
\nPrior to 1935 a Forest Ranger looked after Forestry interests in the Jimna area. A nursery was subsequently established on the site of the present administration building and scrub clearing for the establishment of hoop pine plantations commenced in 1938, approximately 18 years after the commercial hoop pine plantations were established in Queensland, in the Mary Valley.
\nConsideration had been given to the need for effective fire protection as early as 1911, when discussed at an Interstate Conference on Forestry held in Sydney that year. Various methods of fire control appear to have been applied in subsequent years, including firelines and firebreaks of fire including in hoop pine forests, and in new plantations. Such outbreaks were serious as hoop pine is particularly vulnerable to fire.
\nIn Queensland, construction of towers for fire detection commenced during the mid-1930s as part of a fire protection system which also included firebreaks. Fire towers continued to be erected as plantations were established through the 1940s and the 1950s.
\nThe area of softwood plantations increased considerably during the 1960s and the 1970s. During this period there was also a program of construction of fire towers to serve new plantation areas and 16 towers were constructed . Nearly all these new towers were over 30 metres high, indicating the need to have towers taller than the surrounding plantations. By the mid-1960s some of the plantations would have been approximately 40 to 45 years old and in some areas had no doubt 'outgrown' the original fire tower. Fire towers were also used in conjunction with each other to pinpoint fires by taking crossbearings between towers.
\nArthur Leis commenced working for the Department of Forestry in 1957. Until his retirement in 1991, Leis was responsible for the erection of over 20 fire towers in Queensland. Leis designed the towers himself, cutting all the timber on site, and usually erecting each tower with the help of an off-sider and a block and tackle. Initially Leis' towers followed conventional design, supported by four timber legs. In 1967 Leis completed the first three-legged timber fire tower to be erected in Queensland, at Mount Binga in the Yarraman Forestry District. It is generally understood that Leis was responsible for the innovative new design. In 1968 the Department reported on 'the wisdom of converting to this type of structure. Costs per foot at $66 was about 25 per cent down on the 4-legged design, formerly adopted, and the structure is very stable and firm'. Leis constructed his last fire tower in 1986-87; a three-legged wooden tower at Mount Wolvi, south-east of Gympie. At the opening ceremony for the Mount Wolvi tower, the Hon. Bill Glasson, Minister for Lands, Forestry, Mapping and Surveying, presented Leis with a model of the new tower 'in commemoration of the many wooden fire towers he [had] constructed over the past 30 years'.
\nIn 1975-76 construction commenced on a new fire tower at Jimna which 'would be the tallest built to date', with a designed height of approximately 50 metres. Replacing an earlier tower, the new Jimna fire tower was erected by Leis and his son. Two ironbark logs were spliced together to make each of the three legs. To erect the tower the first leg was winched into position and the remaining two legs were hauled upright, bracing and stairs were attached, and finally the cabin constructed on top. The new tower was intended to work 'in conjunction with existing towers in the Jimna and Gallangowan areas, [to] improve the detection of wildfire's likely to affect the extensive Hoop Pine plantations and native forests in the district'.
\nThe Jimna fire tower was opened in October 1977 by the Hon. K.B.Tomkins, Minister for Lands, Forestry, National Parks and Wildlife. A picnic area has been established surrounding the base of the fire tower.
\nThe Jimna fire tower thresholded for National Estate social value at the Maryborough, Crows Nest and Nambour (non-Indigenous) community workshops conducted as part of the Comprehensive Regional Assessment for the South East Queensland biogeographic region Regional Forest Agreement.
","criteria":"As the tallest tower in Queensland, and constructed using three poles, the Jimna fire tower is a fine example of a three-legged timber fire tower.
|Jimna fire tower is valued by the community as the tallest fire tower in Queensland, for the views available from the top of the fire tower, and for its construction by a father and son team.
|Jimna fire tower is important for its association with Arthur Leis, who was influential in the design and construction of fire towers in Queensland from the 1960s to the late 1980s.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion D | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":19527,"place_ref":602408,"name":"St Andrews Presbyterian Church (former)","alternate_name":"St Andrew's Presbyterian Church | St Andrews Presbyterian Church | St Andrews Church | St Andrew’s Church","street_address":"65 Ipswich Street","suburb":"ESK","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2003-06-11","description":"St Andrews Presbyterian Church (former), Esk is a modest, timber church located in Esk. Standing at the intersection of Ipswich and Middle Streets, the town’s main thoroughfares, the building faces west towards Middle Street and is in landscaped grounds with open lawns and boundary plantings. The nearby hall, manse and sheds are not of state-level cultural heritage significance.
\nFeatures of St Andrews Presbyterian Church (former) of state-level cultural heritage significance include:
\nChurch building (1876 and 1900 extension)
\nThe timber-framed and clad church is low-set and rectangular in plan with its short sides facing west (front) and east. It has a steep gable roof with a small timber belfry, small gable roofed front entry porch at its western end and a series of lancet windows down both long sides. Wide double doors from the porch lead in to the nave, which has raked ceilings with exposed scissor trusses. A sanctuary is at the eastern end of the nave, one step up from the nave floor level, it features an altar rail; curved and raised dais with turned timber balustrade; and lectern, which are early fabric. A part height partition separates the sanctuary from the former Sunday school room (later the vestry) which occupies the eastern end of the building and has a separate eastern entrance. The sanctuary and former Sunday school room are likely an early extension made in 1900, which follows the earlier building in structure, materials and detail. The addition is clearly delineated in the exterior weatherboards and interior wall linings.
\nFeatures of the church building of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:
\nFeatures of the church building not of state-level cultural heritage significance include:
\nChurch grounds
\nThe church building stands in a simple landscaped setting of open lawns and boundary planting providing an uncomplicated rural character and allowing for natural lighting and ventilation of the church’s interior spaces.
\nFeatures of the church grounds of state-level cultural heritage significance include:
\nFeatures of the church grounds not of state-level cultural heritage significance include:
\nSt Andrews Presbyterian Church (former), is a timber-framed, gothic-influenced building, dating from 1876, located in the town of Esk in the Brisbane Valley, approximately 53km northwest of Ipswich. It was established as the first Presbyterian Church in the Brisbane Valley through the initiative of David Cannon McConnel and his wife Mary, of Cressbrook Station, who maintained a close association with the church. In 1887, the church was moved to its current site on the corner of Middle Street and Ipswich Street (Brisbane Valley Highway) and served the Brisbane Valley community for approximately 125 years.
\nThe town of Esk (also known as Mount Esk, Sandy Creek and Gallanani) lies within the traditional lands of the Jagera People. Esk developed on land resumed from the former Mount Esk pastoral run, which was established in 1842. European settlement at the town site began with a teamsters' camp at the crossing of Sandy (or Esk) Creek on the coach road north from Ipswich to Nanango in the Burnett region. A township site was surveyed on the east side of Sandy Creek in 1872 and the first building, a hotel, was constructed in January 1873.[1] The town grew steadily during the 1870s as a service town after the resumption of pastoral land in the Brisbane Valley for agricultural settlement under the Crown Lands Alienation Act 1868.[2]
\nSt Andrews Presbyterian Church at Esk was the first Presbyterian church built in the Brisbane Valley and one of the earliest known rural Presbyterian churches in the West Moreton region. Presbyterians were present in the future Queensland from 1838 (Moreton Bay settlement), with Rev. Thomas Mowbray as their first resident minister from 1847 and the first Presbyterian church opening in Grey Street, South Brisbane in 1851. Other congregations followed settlement throughout the colony. By 1863, the year in which the Presbyterian Church of Queensland formed, Presbyterian congregations existed in Toowoomba, Ipswich, Warwick, Rockhampton, Gladstone and Maryborough.[3] In 1875 there were 15 ordained Presbyterian ministers in Queensland.[4] Rural Presbyterian churches in the West Moreton region known to pre-date the church at Esk were established at Warrill Creek (before June 1872), Laidley (November 1872), Murphy’s Creek (May 1876), and Helidon (June 1876).[5]
\nThe church at Esk was established through the efforts of high profile members of Queensland’s early Presbyterian church, David Cannon McConnel (1818-1885), who established Cressbrook pastoral run in the Brisbane Valley in 1841, and his wife, Mary (née McLeod, 1824-1910).[6] McConnel, the son of a prosperous Manchester mill owner, became a successful pastoralist and cattle breeder at Cressbrook and a large landholder and farmer in Brisbane.[7] Both David McConnel and his wife were ‘imbued with principles of religious non-conformity, educational enlightenment and middle-class culture’.[8] Mary McConnel is recognised for her philanthropic works in the Colony of Queensland, especially her role in founding the Brisbane Children’s Hospital in 1878.[9]
\nIn honour of their 25th wedding anniversary in 1873, the McConnels advocated for a Presbyterian Church to be built in Esk and established a subscription to fund its construction. Alexander Raff, pastoralist, politician, businessman and later Elder of the Presbyterian Church, and other Brisbane Valley pastoralists, donated money towards the building.[10] On 15 August 1873, Mary McConnel purchased a one-acre (0.41ha) suburban allotment in Middle Street, in the recently surveyed township east of Sandy Creek.[11] The McConnels paid for the land to be cleared and fenced.[12] On 10 April 1876, a further four, one-acre (0.41ha) suburban allotments, contiguous to the first allotment, were purchased by Mary McConnel. These allotments, between East and Middle Streets, occupied the northeast corner and highest land of the town site.[13] St Andrews Presbyterian Church was most likely erected on the allotment purchased in 1873.
\nThe first recorded event at St Andrews Presbyterian Church was a service conducted by the recently arrived Rev. David Watt, M.A., on 12 February 1876.[14] Like many other rural churches of this period in Queensland, the small timber church replicated those of England, with Gothic-influenced architecture, steep roof, and lancet windows.[15]
\nOn 23 April 1876, the Rev. Watt was inducted by the Rev. Colin McCulloch, Commissioner of the Presbytery of Brisbane, into the newly formed charge (parish) of Esk Town and district.[16] On that occasion, Rev. McCulloch stated:
\nThe hearty thanks of all interested in the new charge are due to the surrounding stations for their ready and cordial support, and especially to DC McConnel, Esq. of Cressbrook, and his lady. But for their influence and liberal aid, Esk might have remained for years to come without a church or a minister…[17]
\nBy early 1877, David McConnel had purchased the current site of St Andrews Presbyterian Church from its first recorded owner, Patrick Lawlor.[18] This allotment was situated opposite the convergence of the Gatton to Esk Road and the Ipswich to Esk Road. The church most likely stood on the rise above it. Tenders were invited for the erection of a clergyman's residence at Esk in October 1876 with plans and specifications viewable at Messrs George H Wilson and Co (Agent), Ipswich.[19] By 12 January 1877, the Presbyterian manse, sited in the northwest corner of the newly acquired allotment, was almost completed.[20] In October 1878, the church and manse were described as ‘a very neat church and a comfortable manse’.[21]
\nThe 1880s were a period of growth for Esk. In 1884, two sawmills opened and in 1886 the railway reached the town, though it was located on the opposite bank of Sandy Creek from the established settlement. In time, the commercial centre of town shifted closer to the railway station and yards.[22] Most buildings were moved to the western side of Sandy Creek or were built there, including the Roman Catholic (1884) and Anglican (1889) churches. The Methodist church built on the east side (1883) was moved to Toogoolawah in 1906 and the later Methodist church was sited on the west side of the creek. In 2020, only the former St Andrews Presbyterian Church, Esk State School and some houses remain, marking the first settlement on the eastern side of Sandy Creek. In 1888 a small portion of the Presbyterian church land on Ipswich Street to the rear of the church (0.11ha) was leased for 21 years to Arthur Henry Thompson (Stock, Station and Commission Agent, and Auctioneer) and Walter Francis, as joint tenants, with its £10pa rent used for improvements to the church property.[23]
\nProbably as a result of the transfer of the town centre to the west side of Sandy Creek, the church was moved ‘from the hill to…near the manse’[24] – its current site – in October 1887. The church was positioned to the south of the 1877 manse (removed c1947), in an open setting with perimeter plantings; its front entrance facing west and accessed via a pathway from a gateway on the corner of Ipswich and Middle Streets.[25] This relocation was funded by the charge, especially the stations of Cressbrook, Colinton and Manumbar.[26]
\nThe McConnels actively supported the Presbyterian Church at Esk after its establishment. In July 1883, the McConnels transferred the land on which the church and manse stood, and the five nearby allotments owned by Mary McConnel, (five acres / 2.02ha), to the Presbyterian Church of Queensland.[27] David McConnel served on the Esk Presbyterian Church’s Committee of Management until his death in 1885.[28]
\nMary McConnel’s association with the church continued. In 1898 she opened the Presbyterian church bazaar in Esk.[29] In 1899 prior to her departure overseas, the chairman of the Presbyterian Church committee:
\nspoke of the work of the church and Sunday-school by Mrs McConnel, sen, of Cressbrook…. the friend they respected and loved, and to whom they were indebted for so many improvements in the church. The presentation of an illuminated scroll [not extant in 2020] was gratefully acknowledged, which…added considerably to the appearance of the window at the east end of the interior of the church.[30]
\nMary McConnel’s close association with the Esk Presbyterian Church was commemorated in 1907 when church members planted two ornamental trees in the church grounds: ‘on either side of the entrance gates … in memory of Mrs DC McConnel and Mr George Smith, both…energetic church workers for many years.’[31] These memorial trees were most likely planted on either side of the historical corner entrance to the church site, shown in a c1897 photograph.[32]
\nOther members of the McConnel family were involved with St Andrews Presbyterian Church at Esk. David Rose McConnel of Cressbrook (son of David and Mary McConnel) attended the soiree that celebrated the church’s move in 1887 and in 1889 he was serving on its committee.[33] When Henry Plantagenet Somerset, MLA, opened the Esk Presbyterian Church’s ‘Scotch Tryst’ (bazaar) on St Andrews Day 1908, he stated his wife [Katharine Rose McConnel], ‘the daughter of the founder of the Presbyterian Church in Esk…had taken a keen interest in its progress’.[34]
\nThe Presbyterian church continued to grow within the Brisbane Valley. By 1885, there were congregations at Biarra, Moombra, Esk, Wivenhoe, Deep Creek and Cressbrook and the Esk charge was 64km long.[35] Other Presbyterian churches opened as the community grew, such as Wivenhoe on 30 January 1890.[36]
\nAlthough Esk experienced difficulties in the 1890s due to flooding and financial recession, the 1900s were a period of growth. Dairying developed into a major industry in the fertile Brisbane Valley following its establishment in the 1890s. Cream depots operated by local farmers opened at Esk and other centres, and the opening of the Cressbrook Condensed Milk Factory in 1898 boosted milk production in the upper Brisbane Valley.[37] Dairying in the area expanded and a butter factory was built in Esk c1903. In 1908, the population of Esk exceeded 600 and in 1913, the town was officially named Esk.[38]The boom in dairying lasted until the end of World War I with several small revivals later.[39]
\nReligious instruction for children at Sunday school was integral to the Presbyterian church. Fund-raising for a hall for Sunday school purposes commenced c1899 when the Sunday school enrolment was 69 scholars. In 1900 the church was extended for a little over £70 to erect a Sunday school ‘of the same size as the current building…and…attached to it’.[40] This work almost doubled the length of the church, moved the sanctuary eastward to create more seating and added a room behind the sanctuary, which presumably was used as a Sunday school as intended. Completion of the extension was celebrated in July 1900.[41]
\nBy 1908, Sunday school enrolments had risen to 90.[42] In 1909 the Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser newspaper reported the church’s recent purchase of a hall for Sunday school use, the debt on which needed to be repaid. The siting of this hall is unknown, but it was possibly the former stock and station agent building located behind the church on the site of the current manse.[43] Numerous newspaper articles reported activities in the St Andrews hall from 1909 to 1930 – for Sunday school, social and fund-raising events, and as a temporary hospital during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1919.[44] In 1933 the church was fund-raising for its renovation; however, the building was removed from the site by June 1949.[45]
\nRepairs and changes to the church have occurred during its lifetime. In September 1878, a hailstorm broke windows of the church and manse, necessitating replacement.[46] The congregation in 1884 raised funds to ‘improve the little church building, which was cold and draughty’.[47] Throughout 1920 and 1921 the church raised funds for renovating and painting St Andrews church and manse. Repairs to the church, hall and manse took place by March 1922 after damage from a cyclonic storm in November 1920.[48] In December 1926, another hailstorm broke 16 window panes in the church.[49]
\nSt Andrews Presbyterian Church at Esk celebrated its 50th anniversary in February 1926 with a re-union tea held in Esk’s Lyceum Hall, attended by Rev. Mervyn Henderson, Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Queensland and Principal of Emmanuel College, University of Queensland.[50]
\nIn 1947 the 70-year-old church manse was reportedly sold for removal and plans for a new manse were submitted to Esk Shire Council.[51] In mid-1948, Reverend AD Calvert (ministering at Esk July 1948-February 1950) moved into the new manse, located east of the church,[52] which the Queensland Moderator of the Presbyterian Church dedicated on 19 March 1949.[53]
\nA small gabled timber building with a metal roof was added to the site, northeast of the rear of the church between 28 June 1949 and 1 July 1951.[54] This building’s use is not known.
\nThe intention to re-establish a church hall after World War II was shown when the Queensland Moderator of the Presbyterian Church performed a ‘stump ramming ceremony’ on the corner stump of the proposed new Fellowship Hall on 19 March 1949.[55] The current hall, located north of the church, was moved on site between 1 July 1951 and 1 May 1958.[56] Oral history reported that the church bought the Esk Commercial Hotel’s billiard room (1887) for use as its hall, and this is supported by aerial photography.[57]
\nThe Esk Presbyterian charge celebrated its centenary on 21 March 1976. At that time, its parish extended from Wivenhoe to Nanango and from Atkinson's Lagoon to Kilcoy.[58] A centenary history of the Esk Presbyterian Church was published by the congregation that year.[59]
\nSt Andrews Presbyterian Church did not join the Uniting Church of Australia when it formed on 22 June 1977, combining most Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational churches in Australia. The church was used by the Continuing Presbyterian Church thereafter.[60]
\nSt Andrews Presbyterian Church, Esk played an important role in the Esk and district community from its establishment in 1876 until its closure about 125 years later. Not only did the church support the religious needs of the community, it commemorated Boer War and World War One soldiers who served, and contributed to the social life of the community through events and organisations such as its Women's Guild, (formed 1908).[61]
\nSt Andrews Presbyterian Church was sold in May 2003. Since then the church building has been re-purposed as a wedding venue and its communion table removed. Non-significant structures have been added to the site since 2003, including a skillion-roofed shed to the north of the hall, and a timber walkway linking the church with the hall.[62]
\nIn 2020, the former St Andrews Presbyterian Church is part of an Esk heritage walk.[63] The place retains its 1876 church (extended 1900), set in open, landscaped grounds with perimeter plantings.
","criteria":"St Andrews Presbyterian Church (former) at Esk (1876, moved on site 1887, extended 1900), as an early rural Presbyterian church in the West Moreton region and the first in the Brisbane Valley, is important in demonstrating the expansion of the Presbyterian Church in Queensland associated with closer agricultural settlement. It is an intact and representative 19th-century timber church set in landscaped grounds, comprising lawn and perimeter plantings.
|The former St Andrews Presbyterian Church is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a timber-framed church built in 19th century Queensland. An intact and early example of its type, the principal characteristics include its: modest size; symmetrical, low-set, gable roof form with projecting gable roof front porch; timber-framed and clad construction; timber belfry; lancet windows; timber doors; interior layout with its delineation of nave, sanctuary, vestry; and open landscaped setting.
|The former St Andrews Presbyterian Church has a long association with the people of Esk and the surrounding district, being a place of worship and social focus for approximately 125 years.
|The former St Andrews Presbyterian Church, Esk has a special association with David Cannon McConnel (1818-1885), an early, successful, and long-term pastoralist of the Brisbane Valley, and his wife, Mary née McLeod (1824-1910), an important philanthropist in Queensland.
\nIn 1873, through donation of land and funds, the McConnels initiated the establishment of St Andrews Presbyterian Church, which commenced in 1876 as the centre of the Presbyterian charge of Esk. Their involvement in its management and development continued throughout their lifetimes.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion G | Criterion H","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":22060,"place_ref":602704,"name":"Monsildale Homestead","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"2532 Monsildale Road","suburb":"MONSILDALE","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2009-04-03","description":"On the east side of Monsildale Road approximately 30 kilometres north-northwest of Kilcoy, Monsildale Homestead occupies undulating land within a loop of Monsildale Creek. Approaching along Monsildale Road, the view is dominated by the homestead's main house and associated outbuildings set within a backdrop of treed mountains, undulating fenced paddocks and lush river flats. The homestead complex is comprised of the main house, slab barn and shed, single men's barrack and former Aboriginal quarters. There are a number of striking mature trees in the house yard including jacarandas, silky oaks, pines and eucalypts. Monsildale Creek makes a wide loop around the property. A vehicle shed southeast of the barracks is not of heritage significance.
The property is entered by a driveway to the west of the residence off Monsildale Road.
Main house
Standing on a grassed knoll, the distinctive white-painted main house consists of the early 1870s core to the north and an L-shaped extension (c.1912) to the south. Timber framed and sheltered by hipped and gabled roofs clad with red painted corrugated iron, the house stands on low timber stumps. Once entered through the main entrance door to the north and organised around a central hall, the house now functions as a series of rooms operating off verandahs which run around the west, north and east of the house. A recently enclosed verandah to the south functions as an informal entrance.
The early house comprises a living room, two bedrooms (northeast and southwest), study/library, box room and porch. A short hall links the early house with the extension. The extension consists of a bedroom, living room, office, enclosed verandah and a service wing of kitchen, bathroom, store, toilet and laundry.
A 2.4 metres (8 feet) wide verandah runs around the west, north and east of the early house, and has a dowel balustrading with the handrail sitting on the top rail and bold Y-shaped moulded brackets to the posts. Timber steps alight from the north side and west sides. An extended verandah at the northeast corner has weatherboard infill balustrading. The west and east verandahs to the south extension have dowel balustrading, with a handrail separate from the top rail and only the west verandah has the Y-shaped brackets matching those on the early verandah. There is a batten infill to the understoreys of the early house and the extension.
The earlier part of the house is timber framed, clad with 220mm chamferboards and lined with 230mm vertical beaded tongue and groove boards in the former hall, to the ceiling of the living room and parts of the porch; and narrower unbeaded boards line the other spaces. The box room, the south wall of the south bedroom and the study in the extension are clad with weatherboards. The early main entrance is infilled with timber boards and a sash window. A doorway from the hall into the east bedroom is infilled with timber boards and infilling to the south wall of the living room indicates the location of an earlier fireplace. The coved ceiling to the south bedroom is lined with beaded timber boards. The south bedroom interior walls and parts of the porch are lined with a textured fibre board over earlier timber boards. The east bedroom has a fireplace with a polished timber surround. The early part of the house is distinguished by wide elaborately moulded skirting boards. French doors (some painted, some varnished) open out onto the verandahs and sash windows have narrow glazing mullions.
The extension is of post and rail construction lined with vertical timber boards. Mortice and tenon joints are visible in the window and door framing. Painted French doors open out onto the verandahs. The arrangement of timber boards in the ceiling indicates that the large bedroom may earlier have been two rooms. A large picture window is inserted in the west wall of the living room and a coloured glass window inserted between the living room and kitchen to the east. The kitchen has been upgraded with new joinery, stove and other kitchen equipment and appliances. A narrow verandah with a balustrade infilled with horizontal weatherboards runs along the north of the wing accommodating the kitchen and service areas.
The house yard is marked by a low horizontal timber boarded fence painted white.
Slab barn and shed
Standing to the southeast of the main house within the house yard, the slab barn and shed is sheltered by a gable roof recently clad with new corrugated metal sheeting. The timber slabs to the east and north walls are set into bedlogs and notched to take top rails. Sheets of corrugated iron cover a window opening in the east wall and an open doorway stands to the middle of this side of the building. The north elevation has two entrances and a pair of casement windows to the northwest end. The north gable is infilled with weatherboards. The west wall of the barn and shed is clad with weatherboards and has two timber door entrances and a metal tilt-a-door. The south end of the shed is open, timber framed, partly clad with weatherboards and has a timber floor. The west and south sides of the building stand on low timber stumps. The roof throughout is framed with log beams and sawn timber rafters and battens and is supported by log posts. The floor of the slab barn is dirt to the north with a concrete slab to the middle. A small room with a raised timber floor and internal slab walls to the east and south sits within the barn to the northwest corner. A timber framed skillion extension to the southeast is clad with weatherboards and accommodates a small office and storage room. The slabs are painted with a red oxide and weatherboards are white painted.
Single men's barrack
East of the slab barn and shed, the roofless remains of the single men's barrack stand on temporary props, the building having been dislodged from its stumps during a violent storm. Rectangular in plan, the barrack consists of two rooms each entered by a door from the south and separated by an internal partition with a single doorway between the rooms. The building is timber framed, has a timber floor, is clad with weatherboards and unlined except for vertical timber boards around the north window in the west room. There is a window with sunhood to each short end and to each room on the north side. Salvaged roof framing and sheeting is stacked adjacent to the propped building (one piece of roof sheeting remains caught high in a nearby tree).
Aboriginal quarters
The former Aboriginal quarters is a timber framed building, once sheltered by a gable roof with skillion roofs extending to the north and south, that stands in a paddock some 240 metres south of the main house. The roof framing and corrugated iron roof sheeting has blown off in a violent storm and lies stacked nearby. The north wall is constructed of vertical timber slabs set into a bedlog and notched to take a top rail; a concrete half wall stands to the west, and the south and east walls are clad with corrugated galvanised iron. The building has concrete floors, upstands and drains, and metal gates and fences remaining from its use as a piggery.
Structures outside the listing boundary
The cattle dip and yards once associated with the homestead are extensively altered and not included within the heritage listing boundary.
","history":"Monsildale Homestead is a grazing property distinguished by a large timber residence which stands in a picturesque setting on a knoll to the east of Monsildale Road, within a loop of Monsildale Creek. The core section of the main residence was built between 1871 and 1877 on land selected by cattle grazier James Steven during the second phase of the settlement of the Brisbane River Valley, and an extension to the south was added by the Horne family, probably during the 1910s. The property was owned by members of the Horne and Woodrow families between c.1912 and 1978, and although the original cattle station has been subdivided and deer are now farmed close to the main residence, the property still runs cattle. A slab timber combined barn and shed still stands to the southeast of the main residence, and east of the barn is a derelict two-room timber single-men's barrack. At some distance to the south of the main residence is a former quarters for Aboriginal workers, which was later used as a piggery. These structures are characteristic elements of a grazier's homestead complex.
The Brisbane River's watershed, of which Monsildale Creek is a part, was one of the earliest areas of Queensland to be settled outside of the Moreton Bay penal settlement. Pastoralists first drove their sheep onto the Darling Downs from New South Wales in 1840, and squatters moved into the Brisbane River Valley the following year. David McConnel formally established Cressbrook station in July 1841, and was the first squatter to settle with his stock east of the Dividing Range in the future colony of Queensland. He was followed in late 1841 by John Balfour (Colinton Station), the Mackenzie brothers (Kilcoy Station), the Archer brothers (Durundur Station), and the Bigge brothers (Mount Brisbane Station). Pastoralists in the Brisbane River Valley soon switched from sheep to cattle, as sheep were not well suited to the local climate.
In 1848 the northern boundary of Colinton Station was described in the New South Wales Government Gazette as running from a marked tree beyond Mount Stanley to a point on the range at the head of Mackenzie's Sheep Station Creek, and thus the site of the Monsildale property may have fallen within the boundary of Colinton Station. It is also reported that at one stage David O'Connel from Cressbrook station considered grazing at Monsildale, but decided against it. Monsildale was apparently named after the property of David's brother Henry in Derbyshire.
Little else is known about the history of the land around Monsildale until May 1871, when James Steven applied to select a homestead under the Crown Lands Alienation Act 1868. James Steven is not listed in the 1868 Queensland Alphabetical Post Office Directory, nor is he listed under the Squatters or Cattle Graziers sections in the 1874 or 1876 Trades Directories. However, Monsildale is listed under 'Stations' in the 1878 to 1879 Trades Directory as being run by Swanson and Steven. Alexander Swanson apparently selected Portion 43, some distance to the south of Monsildale homestead, in partnership with James Steven in 1877.
Alexander was most likely one of the Swanson brothers who established Yabba Station on the Gympie side of the Jimna Range c.1852. Although it was originally stocked with sheep, Yabba was running cattle by the time it was transferred to the Queensland National bank in 1882. Two men named Swanson and Stevens supposedly discovered the Jimna goldfield in 1860, when the latter was the head stockman at Yabba. This goldfield was gazetted in 1868, and attracted 1500 men at its peak, although by 1871 the population had dropped to 300. It is possible that James Steven was actually the head stockman at Yabba Station in 1860, and it is also interesting to speculate whether or not he made his fortune on the Jimna gold field, given the amount of money later spent on his homestead at Monsildale.
The land Steven wanted for his homestead was surveyed by R. Atkinson as Portion 1, Parish of Mount Stanley (later parish of Monsildale), in the County of Canning. In February 1872 it consisted of 22 acres of Agricultural land and 116 acres of 1st Class Pastoral land (138 acres). During the 1870s Steven selected thousands of acres in the vicinity, including adjacent portions 2, 3, 11 12, 27 and 44, along with Portion 4 to the south, plus other portions. Donald Steven selected Portion 7 opposite Portion 1. Subdivision of the large pastoral runs to the south of Monsildale also began during the 1870s, and in 1876 the first selections at Hazeldean were excised from the Kilcoy Run. In 1877 closer settlement commenced at Villeneuve with the resumptions out of Durundur holdings.
In March 1875, in a letter to the Commissioner for Crown Lands for West Moreton, Steven requested that his homestead selection be transferred to a conditional purchase, as 'it is most likely that other arrangements may soon interfere with my personal residence on the land'. In April 1876 a letter to the Commissioner from Steven stated that, as he had spent so much money on one selection at Monsildale (Potion 1), it could be argued that he had met the requirements of the 1868 Act for improving his surrounding selections. His selections were inspected in April 1877, and a report on his fulfilment of the selection conditions regarding Portion 1 was issued in July 1877. In this report Steven's occupation was listed as 'Grazier'. Steven applied to purchase in November 1877, and a Deed of Grant was issued in February 1878.
Steven's selections were in an isolated valley, and his homestead needed to be self-contained. A list of Steven's improvements to Portion 1, as inspected in April 1877, included the following: a chamferboard house with shingle roof and verandah all round, containing seven rooms and a hall. Lined and ceiled with cedar, with two brick chimneys and spouted all round, it was valued at £800. There was also a 9000 gallon underground brick and cemented tank and pump valued at £60; and a slab and shingle kitchen containing five rooms, with verandahs front and back, built on piles and enclosed underneath, valued at £100. A slab and shingle store, meat-house, and bathroom with verandah were worth £80; and a second slab and shingle kitchen of two rooms and a verandah was valued at £30. Other outbuildings included a fowl house and piggery (£15); a blacksmith's shop (£20); and a stable with three stalls, two loose boxes, a buggy house, a harness room, a corn loft, spouting all around and a large tank (£150). In addition there were two men's huts, one of three rooms (£25) and one of two rooms (£20). Along with various fences and gates, there was also a 1.5 acre fenced garden which included fruit trees.
Yards included a horse yard, and a milking yard around a calf pen and milking bails. A stockyard enclosed 10 small yards, and included a branding lane, speying bails, a killing yard and gallows. A herding yard was attached. A map of Portion 1 in 1877 shows stockyards near the location of the current stockyards. The existing cattle dip within these yards has the dates 1903 and 1905 carved into posts and rails at the north end of the dip pit.
The history of the homestead selection from this time on can be gleaned from the land titles. Although existing titles for Portion 1 only go back as far as 1926, the ownership of neighbouring portions 2 and 12, just outside the loop of Monsildale Creek, gives a fair indication of events at Monsildale prior to 1926. Steven applied to lease Portion 2 before survey in May 1871 and again in November 1871 (as selection 2024). It was leased from January 1872, and a Deed of Grant for its 321 acres was issued to Steven in February 1878. Steven also applied to lease Portion 12 (selection 2841) before survey in July 1873, and a Deed of Grant for its 1216 acres was issued in March 1878.
Most of portions 2 and 12 were combined and subdivided in 1880 to form two new holdings. One (964 acres) was located to the north of a road leading east from Monsildale Road, and another (419 acres) was located to the south of this road. In 1882 new joint titles for these holdings were issued to James Steven and Alexander Swanson. In March 1893 both holdings were transferred to the British and Australasian Trust and Loan Company Limited. Information on the history of the district published by the Kilcoy District Historical Society notes that Thomas E. Robertson was at Monsildale in 1895, and that he was listed as property manager from 1904-1908. He was probably employed by the British and Australasian Trust and Loan Company Limited.
In 1912 the above holdings were obtained by James Horne, and the titles were transferred to Hornes Limited in 1921. James Horne was born in Newchapel, England in 1861, and he married Elizabeth Maddicks in 1888. Prior to moving to Monsildale the Hornes owned the property Fairlymeade, near Woodford. James Horne also served a term on the Kilcoy Shire Council from 1918. It has been claimed that Horne purchased the Monsildale property in 1908, but this could be confirmed from the titles examined. Portion 1 could have been purchased in 1908, but as pointed out above, the surrounding land was not purchased by Horne until 1912. James Horne is first listed at 'Monsildale' in the 1911-1912 Trades Directory of the Queensland Post Office Directory, under the Pastoral and Agricultural section. At this time he had 33 horses and 502 cattle. Horne family photographs in 1913 and 1914 show quite a large family, and the main residence was probably extended to the south soon after Horne purchased the property.
Local knowledge claims that the hut to the south of the homestead at Monsildale (visible in a photograph taken from the south before the homestead was extended) was used as Aboriginal quarters, and there were Aboriginal workers in the area. A photograph taken on Yabba station prior to World War I shows two Aboriginal workers in European dress. Due to shortages of European labour in the nineteenth century, station owners turned to Aboriginal workers, who adapted well to work in the pastoral industry whilst - initially - maintaining aspects of their traditional lifestyle, with the families of workers camping on the stations. By the mid 1880s well over half of the employees on cattle stations in North Queensland were Aboriginal. Later, after a collapse in the Queensland export beef trade in the 1920s led to the removal of non-working dependants from stations and seasonal employment of Aboriginal workers, Aboriginal labour was usually drawn from fringe camps near towns, or from Missions. European and Aboriginal workers were quartered and fed separately, and Aboriginal camps were usually located some distance from the homestead. Aboriginals who were in regular employment and who did not have a strong tie with local Aboriginals might be housed in a station hut.
Although cattle-grazing was the main activity at Monsildale, the area's timber was also a source of local economic activity. At various times between 1912 and 1961 sawmills operated on a flat part of Portion 2, just over the creek to the north of the homestead, on land rented from Horne. A small township developed on the site, between the Monsildale Road and Monsildale Creek to the west, including a store, butcher's shop and a school. When Gladys and Vera Horne attended Monsildale School in 1913, their father was listed as a 'Squatter'.
By 1920 Graham and Vera Horne (nee Hunter), and Harry and Grace Woodrow (nee Horne) were running Monsildale Station, as James Horne had retired. Harry Woodrow, born in 1885, had married Grace Horne (born 1898) in 1917. Harry worked in the Gympie gold mines between 1901 and 1911 before becoming the first cadet taken on by the Queensland Forestry Department. He then acted as a Forest Ranger in the Little Yabba area near Jimna before working at Monsildale and meeting Grace. After they married, the couple lived at Blackbutt, and then Nanango.
In 1920 Grace bought her sisters out of their land in the southern portion of Monsildale, and cleared it of timber. At this time Harry joined Hancock and Gore at Monsildale as their scrub boss, retiring from the Forestry Department. Harry and Grace had a large house of their own, across the road and to the north of the homestead, where they lived for four years. The stumps of this house are still visible. Harry helped to locate and inspect Hancock and Gore's new mill site at Foxlowe, along with Gympie Land Ranger George Carter and Boy MacDonald of Yabba station. Harry was also a Kilcoy Shire Councillor between 1933 and 1946, and was one of first three trustees of the Jimna Hall, which was built in 1934.
The Horne family continued to operate Monsildale as a large cattle property. In the 1923-1924 Trades Directory, Hornes Limited is listed at Monsildale (under the Nanango District) with 1231 cattle, and when Horne's Limited Monsildale Estate was auctioned on 16 May 1924, it consisted of 9000 acres of freehold grazing land (stretching from Portion 24 in the south to Potion 44 in the north) which had been subdivided into 17 farms. About 1000 cattle and 50 horses were also for sale. At the auction Harry and Grace Woodrow purchased a lot of the land, including the land of former Portion 1. In June 1924 Queensland Trustees Limited was appointed liquidator to wind up Hornes Limited, and the Deed of Grant for Portion 1 was surrendered to the Crown on November 1925, before being re-issued to Queensland Trustees in October 1926. However, the title was then altered to read 'Hornes Limited, its Successors'. The same sequence of events occurred for the two holdings outside the loop of Monsildale Creek.
Harry and Grace moved into the homestead's main residence after they purchased the former Portion 1. George Atthow bought a block of the Monsildale Estate, and Alf Stanton also purchased two blocks, one of which contained Woodrow's old house, which was removed in 1942. These three blocks were later sold to Harry Runge.
In November 1935 that part of the former Portion 1 located east of the Monsildale road (a total of 112 acres and 20.6 perches), was transferred from Horne's Limited to Harry Woodrow. Harry died in 1956, and the land passed to Grace in 1959. The land was transferred to Grace, James and Robert Woodrow in 1966, and finally to James Woodrow alone in 1976. This land was subdivided in 1978, and the section which contained the homestead complex and 109 acres within the loop of Monsildale Creek was sold to Peter Kurts Developments Pty Limited before being immediately on-sold to Trevor D. Hawkins in May 1978. The Hawkins used the homestead as a holiday home for children. The house, its outbuildings, and 109 acres was transferred to Dawn Evans and Ian Mac Lachlan in June 1984, and in 2007 Dawn Evans owned the main residence as part of a 611 acre farm which included parts of former portions 1, 2, 12 and 27. In 2007 the land within the loop of the creek was used to raise deer, and the rest ran beef cattle.
The remainder of the homestead land, containing 3.3 acres and the stockyards and cattle dip to the north of the homestead, was transferred to Peter Kurts Development Pty Ltd in June 1978, and then immediately transferred to new owners. Grace Woodrow died in 1983, but members of the Woodrow family still farm to the north of Monsildale at 'Cowah'.
Changes to the main residence over time include the large 1910s extension to the south of Steven's original 1870s residence, and the 1870s section appears to have been was raised off the ground on round logs and stumps, with a new balustrade, at this time. The extension's western verandah balustrade is original, but the balustrade around the original residence has lost its top rail. An extension has also been made to the east side of the verandah around the original residence.
The main door in the centre of the north elevation of the 1870s core of the residence has been replaced with a window, and the western chimney has been removed. The central north-south hallway in the core has been incorporated into the north-western room, and the core now includes four rooms (two bedrooms, one lounge, and one study), plus a small southern hall that is open to the western verandah of the 1910s extension. There is also a boxroom on the southern end of the western verandah of the 1870s residence. The southern verandah of the 1910s extension has been enclosed by the current owner, who has also expanded a part of the kitchen to the north. A large coloured-glass window has been added between the kitchen and living room in the 1910s section of the residence.
A gate in the fence to the north of house, and its associated steps, has disappeared, as has a tennis court that used to exist to the west of the house. There is no sign of the 1870s underground brick tank, and its location is not known. The south end of the combined barn and shed to the southeast of the residence was flattened by a falling tree branch in a storm in 2007, and the roof has been reconstructed. The same storm removed the roof and verandah of a two-room single men's barrack located to the east of the garage, and the barrack was knocked off its stumps and was deposited to south. The roof of the former quarters for Aboriginal workers was also lost in the storm.
","criteria":"The Monsildale Homestead is a product of the second phase of settlement in the Brisbane River Valley, an early and important area of cattle-raising in Queensland. Monsildale was settled in the 1870s, at a time when parts of the nearby large squatter's runs of the 1840s were being resumed for closer settlement under the Crown Lands Alienation Act 1868.
The establishment of Monsildale run reflected both the push towards closer settlement at the time, and also the conflicting need to aggregate selections to form viable cattle runs.
The land has been in continuous use for pastoral purposes since the 1870s. Although the size of the station's land holdings has varied over the years, and the property surrounding the main residence has shrunk to 611 acres, grazing still occurs on Monsildale homestead and on its former lands to the north and south.
|Monsildale Homestead with its complex of structures and yards including the main residence (1870s, with 1910s extension), slab barn and shed (pre-1910s), single men's barracks, and Aboriginal workers' quarters (sited at a distance from the main buildings, pre 1910s) comprises elements typical of a grazier's homestead complex. The main residence in its layout and use of a range and quality of timbers and construction techniques is a good example of a substantial late 19th century grazier's home expanded in the early 20th century to accommodate a large family.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":28760,"place_ref":602637,"name":"Yimbun Railway Tunnel","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"Sinnamons Lane","suburb":"HARLIN","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2008-11-27","description":"Yimbun Railway Tunnel is located between 59 miles 24 chains (95.43km) and 59 miles 29 chains (95.53km) from Wulkuraka station along the former Brisbane Valley Branch Line formation and is sited beneath a saddle between two knolls. Yimbun Railway Tunnel is a semi-elliptical, concrete-lined, straight tunnel that is 110 yards (100.58 metres) long and has a gradient of 1:165 against north-bound traffic. It has an earthen floor and is approximately six metres high at its apex. Both portals feature the date '1910'. The cuttings that form the approaches on the north and south sides of the tunnel extend for approximately 100m and approximately 50m respectively.Yimbun Railway Tunnel is located between 59 miles 24 chains (95.43km) and 59 miles 29 chains (95.53km) from Wulkuraka station along the former Brisbane Valley Branch Line formation and is sited beneath a saddle between two knolls. Yimbun Railway Tunnel is a semi-elliptical, concrete-lined, straight tunnel that is 110 yards (100.58 metres) long and has a gradient of 1:165 against north-bound traffic. It has an earthen floor and is approximately six metres high at its apex. Both portals feature the date '1910'. The cuttings that form the approaches on the north and south sides of the tunnel extend for approximately 100m and approximately 50m respectively.
","history":"The Yimbun Railway Tunnel, located 96.19km from Wulkuraka station, is a concrete-lined tunnel built between 1909 and 1910. It is the only railway tunnel on the Brisbane Valley Rail Line. This line was developed as a branch line from the main Brisbane-Toowoomba rail line. It was constructed from Wulkuraka near Ipswich to Lowood (1884) then extended to Esk (1886) then Toogoolawah (February 1904), Yimbun (September 1904), Linville (1910), Benarkin and Blackbutt (1911) and finally to Yarraman (1913). Originally intended that the line would eventually meet the Gympie to Nanango rail line to serve as a rail connection to Gympie and a shorter route between the South Burnett and Brisbane, the final linking section was never constructed.
The Upper Brisbane Valley was settled by squatters in the 1840s and the timber industry in the Brisbane Valley also dates from this period. Closer settlement began in the 1870s. The timber industry quickly developed thereafter as land was rapidly cleared by selectors and the increased population of Brisbane and Ipswich from the 1870s demanded timber for housing and fuel on a continuing basis. The first sawmills in the Brisbane Valley, established in the 1870s, were located at Rosewood, Dundas and Colinton.
Closer settlement of the Brisbane Valley had progressed sufficiently by 1877 for the country from Walloon via Esk and Nanango to be examined as a possible route for a railway to Gympie. In 1879 Premier McIllwraith approved the building of several branch lines, including one to Esk. However, the original plans for these branch lines were withdrawn from parliamentary consideration in 1880 on the recommendation of FT Gregory, MLC. In spite of this opposition, in 1881 the Queensland parliament approved the building of the Brisbane Valley branch line from Wulkuraka to Esk. The contract for the first section was let to O'Rourke and McSharry in October 1882 with Henry C Stanley acting as Chief Engineer. This section to Lowood, a place that scarcely existed before the railway, opened on 16 June 1884. The Brisbane Valley Branch Line was the second branch line in Queensland after the Fassifern Line, which opened to Harrisville in 1882. Within weeks an extension of the line from Lowood to Esk was approved in August 1884 by Premier Griffith. HC Stanley remained as Chief Engineer but HA Brigg was appointed as the contractor. The second section to Esk opened on 9 August 1886 and remained the terminus for more than 17 years, becoming an important centre and livestock loading point.
During the 1880s closer settlement of the Brisbane Valley intensified. Land from Cressbrook Station was resumed and settled. In 1889 James McConnel began selling off small parcels of land from his property Cressbrook to his workers for dairying. The railway, which provided rapid and cheap transport to Brisbane, fostered the timber industry's development. Over the next 30 years sawmills were established at Lowood, Esk, Toogoolawah, Moore, Linville, Harlin, Blackbutt, Monsildale and Perseverance as well as a number of portable sawmills operating in stands of timber.
In the late nineteenth century four dairy factories operated in the Brisbane Valley and utilised the railway for transporting milk and its products. Lowood dairy factory opened in 1890. Toogoolawah dairy factory (managed by Cressbrook Dairy Company) and Colinton Dairy Factory (managed by Standard Dairy Co Ltd) opened in 1898, while the Esk dairy factory opened in 1904. Circa 1898 Cressbrook Condensed Milk Factory, owned by James McConnel and owner/manager Colin Munro, opened on the banks of Cressbrook Creek. The factory and seven dairy farms that supplied it were purchased by Nestlé in 1907 and remained in operation until 1930 with local dairy farmers supplying its milk.
In 1900 a parliamentary inquiry was conducted to determine the best route for a proposed rail line to Nanango. James McConnel of Cressbrook stated that an extension of the Brisbane Valley Railway Line would enable selectors to pursue dairying rather than grazing and to cultivate the land. The inquiry subsequently recommended a 45km extension of the Brisbane Valley Branch Line to Moore, which was approved in December of the same year. The first section, to the new township of Toogoolawah, which was the site of the Cressbrook Condensed Milk Factory, opened on 8 February 1904. On 1 September 1904 the extension to Yimbun was opened and remained the terminus until 1910.
To access the vast timber resources beyond Yimbun a further extension of the line to Blackbutt was considered. The Blackbutt Tableland was notable as a rich farming district, that the railway was expected to expand. On the ranges hoop and bunya pines were already being exploited, and with conservation it was expected that freight for the railway would be supplied for many years. At Moore there were two sawmills operating and there were two more in the Blackbutt area. Plans for the 28 miles [45km] of rail line from Yimbun to Blackbutt were approved at a Committee meeting on SS Lucinda on 9 January 1907. They were introduced into Parliament on 13 March 1908 and passed on 1 April 1908. In early 1909 Queensland Railways purchased materials for the construction of this line.
The Yimbun Tunnel, located between Harlin and Yimbun, was designed by Resident Engineer, Hugh Fraser and built by day labourers between February 1909 and May 1910. Relative to their length, tunnels are the most costly of all forms of railway engineering and their problems include hazards such as rock falls. Material must be removed from the bore itself and disposed of. Few types of rock are sufficiently hard to be allowed to remain after excavation without a lining of masonry or concrete. Yimbun Tunnel was constructed as a 110 yard (100.58m), concrete-lined, straight tunnel with a 1 in 165 gradient rising towards Yarraman. Material from its bore was deposited into Banks Number 14 and 15 on either side of the tunnel's approaches.
The section of line that included the Yimbun Tunnel opened on 22 November 1910 and the extension to Blackbutt was completed during 1911. The next section of the Brisbane Valley Rail Line, to Yarraman, was approved by parliament in December 1910 and opened on 1 May 1913. The last section required to complete the loop to Gympie was approved by parliament on 30 October 1918 but was never built.
This section of the Brisbane Valley Rail Line was built under the 1895 Railways Guarantee Act which provided for local authorities to request construction of a railway by guaranteeing to meet any losses and the interest on capital borrowed for construction. The Railways Department was also required to share any deficit equally with the guarantors. The guarantee ended after 14 years unless a profit was made for three consecutive years, at which time it ceased. The cost to the residents in the benefited area served by the rail line including the Yimbun Railway Tunnel in the financial year 1913-1914 was £3389. Of this amount the Esk Shire Council paid £2000, Crow's Nest Shire Council £194, Nanango Shire Council £490 and Treasury £705. The nett revenue of the Brisbane Valley Branch Line was positive until the 1917-18. The line experienced a period of losses until 1932 after which it again returned substantial nett revenues.
Passenger services were a feature of the Brisbane Valley Line from the commencement of the service. From 1913 a passenger service ran from Yarraman to Ipswich three days a week, taking six hours. In 1928 rail motor services commenced on the Brisbane Valley line and when new rail motors were introduced. The Brisbane Valley line, together with the Fassifern line, was the first to use them. Although limited to 48km/hour and averaging no more than 30-35 km/hr they were faster, smoother, more comfortable and more reliable than road transport or mixed trains.
By 1920 much of the forest timber had been cut out of the Brisbane Valley and the major industry was dairying. Accordingly, in the 1920s, the railway was transporting cream to the butter factories along the Brisbane Valley line - Colinton until 1921, Toogoolawah, Esk and Lowood. Whole milk was transported to the Nestle and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Factory at Toogoolawah until its closure in 1930. However, on the Blackbutt Range timber was still being cut and transported via rail. In 1934 The Courier-Mail reported increased timber haulage from railway loading centres between Benarkin and Yarraman. The amount was more than 1,500,000 super feet per month over the prior 12 months and formed the biggest proportion of freight on the Brisbane Valley railway line. All the timber was being cut from Crown reserves as privately held land was practically cut out. Most of the timber was sent to Brisbane for milling.
During the 1930s revenue from the Brisbane Valley line was greater than expenditure on the line and by 1938 revenue exceeded expenditure and interest on the capital for its construction. In the 1930s and 1940s the Brisbane Valley Line to Esk handled a large volume of passengers and goods due to the construction of Somerset dam on the Stanley River for flood mitigation and water storage for Brisbane, Ipswich and the lower Brisbane Valley. From 1935 the Brisbane Valley Rail Line handled construction material for the site. Esk became the transhipping depot equipped with cranes for heavy loads. Goods were then transported to the dam site along 18 miles of bitumen road that the Stanley River Works Board, in conjunction with the Mains Road Commission, constructed for this purpose. Somerset dam was completed in 1959 after a period of abeyance from 1942 to 1948 due to World War II. Post-war, as road transport replaced rail for both goods and passengers, usage of the Brisbane Valley rail line declined.
After flood damage in the 1974 the Brisbane Valley Branch Line was threatened with permanent closure but re-opened after several months. Nevertheless, the last Yarraman rail motor ran on 6 October 1988. Afterwards a passenger service operated from Ipswich to Toogoolawah until March 1993 when the Brisbane Valley Branch Line closed. The steel track, many of the bridges, most railway signage, station platforms and goods sheds have been removed. Many of the station buildings on the Brisbane Valley Rail Line have been re-used on other lines or sold for removal. The only remaining buildings are at Yarraman, Linville and Lowood (now serving as railway museums) and Toogoolawah, Esk and Coominya. Much of the railway infrastructure from Blackbutt to Moore and from Wulkuraka to Lowood has been removed.
There are now only three large engineering structures left on the Brisbane Valley rail line. These are the steel and timber railway bridge over Lockyer Creek at Clarendon (QHR 600495) designed by Chief Engineer HC Stanley; the steel and concrete rail bridge over Maronghi Creek at Harlin; and the Yimbun Railway Tunnel. Approximately two dozen timber rail bridges are still intact, although their condition varies greatly.
","criteria":"The Yimbun Railway Tunnel is important surviving evidence of the Brisbane Valley Branch Rail Line. Development of Queensland's branch rail network, which began in the 1880s, was vital for the development of the colony through opening land for closer settlement and freighting produce and resources to Queensland's major towns and ports.
The Brisbane Valley Rail Line, when commenced in 1882, was the second of Queensland's branch lines. Over the next 30 years it was extended several times to facilitate the transport of timber, livestock and agricultural produce and was intended to become an alternative, shorter route from the South Burnett to Brisbane.
In contrast to other branch lines, revenue from the Brisbane Valley Branch Line was greater than its expenses for the majority of the period from 1902 until the outbreak of World War II when reporting by the Commissioner of Railways on the profitability of individual lines ceased.
The Yimbun Railway Tunnel, constructed in 1910 on the section between Yimbun and Blackbutt, is the only tunnel constructed along the entire Brisbane Valley Branch Line and one of only three remaining intact major rail structures on the Brisbane Valley Rail Line, the others being the Lockyer Creek Bridge at Clarendon (QHR 600495) and the Harlin Rail Bridge. Of the 55 railway tunnels constructed in Queensland between 1865 and 1931, only nine are recorded as located on branch lines.
|The Yimbun Railway Tunnel is significant as a highly intact example of a concrete-lined railway tunnel constructed for Queensland's narrow-gauge railway lines. Concrete was first used as a tunnel lining in 1880 and since then has been used for approximately two dozen railway tunnels constructed in Queensland.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":30230,"place_ref":602685,"name":"Jimna Single Men's Barracks (former)","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"4 Tip Road Jimna","suburb":"JIMNA","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2008-11-27","description":"On the Jimna Range, in the northern part of the Jimna State Forest, the Single Men's Barracks and cookhouse site is approximately 1.5 kilometres north from the turn-off to the Kilcoy-Murgon Road and approximately 1.5 kilometres east of the Jimna Fire Tower (601814), which is permanently entered in the Queensland Heritage Register. The barracks building and its associated cookhouse occupy the eastern end of a 5408 square metre allotment in Tip Road on the northern edge of the remnant township of Jimna. At the western end of the long, rectangular allotment are a collection of other timber buildings, two of which are reputed to be married quarters shifted from another location within the settlement. They include at least one permanent dwelling, a shed and attached carport, and a fenced chicken run built around a mature bunya pine. Access to the site is from the adjacent allotment to the south. The line of the barracks and cookhouse sits perpendicular to the slope of a grassed hillside that falls to the north and a valley line that would connect with Yabba Creek to the east.
The Single Men's Barracks is a gable-roofed structure, approximately 30 metres long and 5 metres wide, which is raised off the ground on steel columns except at the eastern end where a set of understorey rooms, taking advantage of the slope of the ground, have been enclosed in concrete block and founded on a slab. The cookhouse sits approximately 2 metres away at the barracks' eastern, short end, its floor about level with that of the understorey rooms. To the south-east of this there is a timber-clad shed, caravan and rough-sawn timber-framed shelter with corrugated iron roof. Amidst these structures stand three mature bunya and hoop pine trees. Between the southern facade and site boundary is a grassed and fenced yard with maintained garden beds that, according to photographic evidence has been formed after 1984. The boundary fence is timber and parts are reputedly made of reclaimed cedar posts. To the south in the adjacent allotment the remains of the sawmilling town's ant-bed tennis court are visible.
The barracks
The gable roof of the barracks is clad in corrugated iron; however its ridge line is not symmetrically disposed over the building, being approximately 1.5 metres from the northern façade. The pitch of both roof faces is approximately 11 Degrees. The walls are clad in weatherboards. A semi-enclosed verandah stretches the full length of the building on its southern side. To the height of the timber handrail, which is approximately 1 metre, it is clad in weatherboards, while above this it is partially enclosed with a variety of windows, including timber-framed casements and aluminium-framed sliders. The verandah can be accessed at two points: via a small, timber ramp on the western façade and from timber stairs, approximately 1.2 metres wide, positioned in the centre of the southern façade. A recent metal roof shelters these stairs, and a set of timber-framed, 10-light double doors open into the verandah at the head of them; while a high-waisted timber door provides access from the ramp.
A corrugated iron tank on a low, timber-framed tank stand is positioned adjacent to the door on the western façade. Between these two features a series of cuts in the weatherboards correspond to the internal width of the verandah. The eastern façade to the cookhouse has no openings, although it also has a series of consecutive cuts, which have been covered by metal plates, in an upper section of the weatherboard cladding. What these cuts in the weatherboarding means is unclear, as there are no close-up photographs of the building taken prior to 1984.
There are twelve openings on the northern façade. The original rhythm of six sets of two has been maintained, although the fourth from the west has been formed into a door to give access to a small timber deck. This door and the two windows toward the west belong to a set of later additions, the former being timber-framed and painted white and the latter two being aluminium-framed casements. The remaining windows are merely openings that are sealed with flyscreen and can only be closed by bringing down the timber awning shutters, which are propped open with pieces of timber dowel.
Running off the verandah, on the northern side of the barracks building, the demarcation of twelve small rooms can still be easily discerned, despite a number of openings being made to allow access between them. These rooms are approximately 3 metres deep and 2.4 metres wide, and all except one have a floor to ceiling height of 2.8 metres. The verandah has been partitioned by a wall with a board door, the western end serving the first four rooms and the eastern end the remaining eight. The outer walls in both sections are unlined, while the opposing ones are clad in weatherboards. The floors are made with wide timber boards that are carpeted in places, and the ceiling is unlined.
The first room at the westernmost end of the building is used as a laundry and the framing of the walls, and the roof as there is no ceiling, is visible here. The wall studs are housed or notched directly into the end rafter and there is a ridge beam and widely spaced battens. Openings have been made into the shared walls to allow Room Numbers 2, 3, 4 and 5 (refer sketch plan drawing below) to operate as a flat for the owner of the barracks building, containing bath, bed, and living rooms as well as a kitchen. The walls and ceilings of all twelve rooms in the barracks are clad in fibrous cement sheeting. Those on the northern and southern sides have timber cover strips. Those shared are single-skin, with exposed timber framing decorated with rounded cover strips, on each face. Any later openings between rooms have been kept within this framing grid, where the single horizontal rail is approximately 1.8 metres from the floor. Room Numbers 10, 11 and 12 have been joined in a similar way with a small store room having been installed at the easternmost end of the verandah. In addition Room Numbers 8 and 9 have been joined. The internal linings, rails and cover strips have been painted.
In the understorey rooms, at the eastern end of the building, the floor framing is visible, revealing that the wall studs are housed or notched into the bearers, requiring the floorboards to be fitted around them. Much of the timber framing and cladding in the barracks building bear the marks of a circular saw. The studs to the internal partition walls bear on the floorboards.
There are two types of timber casement window, which are likely to be original. The only close-up photograph of the barracks was taken in 1984 when the property was purchased by its current owner. It is after this time that changes have been made to suit their personal requirements. The first window type is divided by mullions into four equal lights of mottled glazing. The second is divided in half, and then the upper section has two narrow lights in its lower half. These are clear glazing while the other two are mottled.
The cookhouse
The cookhouse is rectangular in plan, approximately 4.5 metres to the east and west, and 6.5 metres in the opposite direction. It is clad entirely in corrugated iron, which on the walls is fitted between large undressed timber posts and continues to the underside of the ceiling joists, leaving a narrow gap. The eaves are unlined. The corner posts at the eastern end are notched to take horizontal timber wall members. A narrow section of roof, approximately 4 metres from the ground and running along the cookhouse's eastern end, projects approximately one metre above the remaining skillion roof to form a chimney for the range inside. A large sliding, corrugated iron-clad door takes up the entire western façade to the barracks to a height of approximately 2 metres. It runs on a metal head track, and when open, projects past the northern façade of the structure. There is a timber-framed awning window in the southern façade. There are no openings on the eastern façade. To the north, there is a single board door and narrow fixed window. A set of logs and large rocks form a number of steps away from this door. A large corrugated iron tank and timber-framed stand sits adjacent to the cookhouse to the north.
On the interior, the cookhouse is a single room with unlined walls. Along the eastern wall are two Crown cast-iron ranges, the one in the middle being used when the sawmilling township was operational, having been moved from the boarding house. It is supported at each end on half-height brick walls. A tubular, metal flue sits at its rear. The floor is brick with some patchy carpeting. Around the walls a concrete edge-beam that rises above the floor level by approximately 20 centimetres is visible. The walls, particularly those on the east where the range is situated, are covered in blackened grease and smoke residue.
","history":"Jimna Single Men's Barracks in Tip Road constructed at Jimna, 40 kilometres north of Kilcoy, demonstrate the development of the timber industry in southern Queensland. The Jimna Single Men's Barracks is a remnant of the accommodation for workers in this privately-operated timber town. The barracks provided accommodation in a remote location for timber workers and demonstrates the principal characteristics of workers' accommodation. It has a strong association with the Hancock and Gore Ltd, a major Queensland timber firm, which operated the timber town of Jimna from 1922 for approximately 50 years while milling timber obtained from native forest, then forestry plantations, around Jimna.
By the turn of the 20th century the most desirable timbers in the easily accessible coastal areas of southeast Queensland were heavily depleted and the main focus of activity was moving inland. The opening of a branch line between Caboolture and Woodford in 1909, which was extended to Kilcoy in 1913, stimulated more timber-getting and sawmilling along its route and in forested areas within travelling distance of the railhead.
The siting of Jimna conformed to a number of criteria for establishment of sawmilling townships. Jimna is situated on the Jimna Range approximately 1690 feet (515.11 metres) above sea level on the western side of Yabba Creek about 40 kilometres from Kilcoy. Proximity to the Kilcoy branch line made timber-felling and sawmilling there viable. According to E.S. Hancock of Hancock and Gore Ltd. bush sawmills were set up because royalties for the timber were assessed on the basis of the cost of extraction of logs to the nearest railway siding plus freight to the market, which was either a provincial city or Brisbane. When the logs were converted to timber in the country there was a saving in freight because, in the case of pine, there was a loss of approximately 25 per cent in sawdust and edging, and in hardwood a 50 per cent loss. Consequently, the saving in freight costs to market by railway, although not equivalent to the sawdust reduction was attractive. Furthermore, sawmill settlements were placed close to well-timbered forests on a site with a good water supply.
Hancock and Gore Ltd evolved from the firm Hancock Brothers Ltd sawmillers and timber merchants, established at North Ipswich in 1872 by Thomas Hancock. Born in Cornwall in 1816, Hancock came to Queensland via Sydney with his three sons and one daughter. He started a steam sawmill at the Rosewood Scrub and later opened a timber yard in North Ipswich and a small mill in Canning Street, Ipswich. When Thomas Hancock retired in 1884 the firm was taken over by his sons, Josiah and Thomas, jnr. The firm of Hancock and Gore was established in 1898 and converted to a limited liability company in 1904. Under the managing directorship of Josias Henry Hancock, grandson of the founder, the company expanded rapidly. It built mills at 13 rural centres in Queensland, five locations in Brisbane and at Rosebery and Lismore in New South Wales. In 1911 the firm moved to its Ipswich Road, Brisbane headquarters. In this period, sawmilling commenced at Monsildale in the Upper Brisbane Valley where in 1912 Hancock and Gore Ltd built a new mill on land rented from James Horne. The company's business interests expanded to include a case mill in Ipswich Road, Brisbane c1920, a ply mill and a hot press for plywood manufacture in the 1930s. The company became Australia's largest producer of plywood by 1945. Hancock and Gore continued to grow and expand to include the businesses: Brown & Broad, the Timber Corporation Ltd, The Rosebery Sawmilling Co, Cypress Timbers Ltd, Burts Transport Ltd, and Hancock and Gore Homes Ltd; forming the largest timber organisation in Queensland circa 1955. In 1981 the company was taken over by Takone Pty Limited.
Established in 1922, Jimna resulted from the relocation from Monsildale (seven miles away) of the sawmill, 16 houses, shop, store and provisional school. In 1922 the Jimna area was called Foxlowe the name purportedly given by George Byrne who had selected land along Yabba Creek in 1878. It was renamed Jimna by the GPO Department when naming the post office of the township between 1924 and June 1926. The removal and relocation of buildings from Monsildale occurred over a period of a few months. The first residents arrived to occupy the houses in August 1922. By November the mill was in working order and commenced cutting timber to be used for the construction of new houses and repairs to the old ones brought from Monsildale. In the same month, the store and butcher's shop were removed from Monsildale to Foxlowe and opened for business immediately.
Growth of Jimna township ensued over the next few decades. The population in 1924 was about 150 including 65 children, of whom 35 attended the provisional school. This school was replaced by a state school in 1934. Jimna expanded to a population of over 300 after re-forestation around Jimna commenced in the 1930s. Its population was at its highest when both pine and hardwood mills operated at Jimna, after 1943. The settlement had its own tennis and cricket club and a local hall was the venue for dances and religious services. The township was self-contained with Hancock and Gore supplying meat from their own fattening paddocks and slaughter yards.
The entire Jimna operation including timber cutters was controlled by Hancock and Gore Ltd. Once re-erected in 1922, the mill at Jimna was enlarged and in 1924 it was capable of turning out 80,000 super feet of sawn pine weekly. Initially the mill cut only hoop pine using steam-driven saws. In 1933 the Architect and Building Journal of Queensland reported that Jimna Mill milled approximately 23,000 feet of logs into wide boards and building timbers each day while the top logs were milled into case timber. At Brisbane the building timbers were planed on Hancock and Gore's planning machines and manufactured into all kinds of building timbers including lining boards and flooring. The case timbers were re-sawn and manufactured into butter boxes, jam cases, fruit cases, kerosene cases etc. Specially selected logs were transported to Brisbane for manufacture into "Bull-dog" plywood and Hancock and Gore Ltd high class joinery. Bringing timber to the mill were 15 bullock teams and 11 lorries, while five lorries delivered the sawn and seasoned timber to Kilcoy railway station for transportation to Hancock and Gore establishments in Brisbane. The record for the greatest daily output of pine was 48,000 super feet in 8 hours and for 10 hours work on the same day the cut was 64,500 super feet.
The area around Jimna was predominantly rainforest, thick with hoop pine when the Hancock and Gore mill commenced operations in 1922. This valuable resource was eventually cut out. Jimna became the site of reforestation experiments circa 1935 when a Forest Ranger was sent to Jimna to establish a nursery located on the site of the present forestry administration building. The establishment of hoop pine plantations in the region began in 1938.
Concerns about the depletion of native timbers in the period leading up to the 1930s led to the establishment of plantation forestry in south-east Queensland. As early as the late 19th century, it had become clear that the logging of native timbers at its current rate was unsustainable. The Acclimatisation Society and sawmillers such as William Pettigrew were among those calling for better management of the colony's forests. Various attempts to regulate timber-getters proved unsuccessful and by 1906, cedar was virtually extinct in south east Queensland. In 1897, in a bid to improve forest management, amendments were made to the Crown Lands Act which allowed for the proclamation of State Forests and in 1900 a Forestry Branch was created in the Department of Public Lands to continue reservation of well-timbered lands where necessary. From 1905, a policy of setting aside land for managed forests began to be pursued on the recommendations of the Forestry Branch. However, tension continued to persist between the advocates of forest conservation and interests associated with agriculture, pastoralism and timber industries both inside and outside of government.
Progress was made when N.M. Jolly, appointed as Director of Forests in 1910, recognised the urgent need for regeneration of native forests and for plantations of native and exotic timbers. He established a number of experimental stations and conducted experiments with the natural and artificial regeneration of hoop, bunya, cedar and exotics. Plantation forestry began in earnest during the tenure of Jolly's successor, E.H.F. Swain (1918 - 1932). Swain established the State's first commercial plantations in 1920 to 1921, planting native seedlings in the Mary Valley, Atherton and Fraser Island. An independent Forestry Department was created in 1924, with much of its workforce supplied from returned soldiers employed under a Federal Government subsidy. A comprehensive survey of remaining forests was conducted by the Forestry Department in the 1920s. It was clear that more State Forests would be needed and also substantial plantations of exotic pines. With the exception of hoop pine, native timbers did not do well in plantations.
During the 1930s and 1940s upgrading and expansion of the Jimna sawmill continued. In 1935 when an electric planing machine was installed, a generator was used as the power source. It was also utilised to supply homes and streetlights with power. The planer was closed in 1942 to concentrate on timber for the war effort. In 1943 a hardwood mill was started. When the pine mill burned down in 1947 it was immediately re-built with much more modern machinery. Thinnings from the Forestry Department's hoop pine plantations were first milled at Jimna in 1947 or 1948. The Forestry Department maintained a presence in the area thereafter. Upgrading of machinery and power sources continued into the 1960s.
The Jimna mill closed in the early 1970s when it became more economical for the company to transport logs to mills on the coast than keep the sawmill operating. The mill was dismantled in the mid-1970s and thereafter the store, butcher and baker shops and post office closed as the workforce left. Where houses were occupied the Forestry Department offered to transfer the occupation leases to the occupants. Unoccupied houses were demolished or burned and almost half the buildings in the town disappeared. In 1984 the Forestry Department offered to freehold property and most residents purchased their houses.
In 2007, the remaining evidence of the town's 50 year history as a timber-milling settlement are the Single Men's Barracks with associated cookhouse; some houses for married workers in Dingo Parade, which was previously known as Honeymoon Avenue; the store, which has been altered significantly; the provisional school and state school buildings; the community hall; married men's quarters that date from 1957 or 1958 and have been relocated; and the concrete slab and mountings of the generator that powered the mill.
Some changes to the Single Men's Barracks have occurred over time. The original verandah is now only partly enclosed with windows, has been divided in two with a wall and door, and has had a store room erected at its eastern end. Openings have been made between a number of single rooms to allow them to operate as flats. A small, northern deck has been added and can be accessed from one of the newly-created flats or suite of rooms. Underneath, steel support columns with individual pad footings have been installed; except for at the eastern end the building where concrete block has been used to enclose a number of wet service rooms. The cookhouse does not appear to have been altered significantly, other than to have the original range removed and another installed. The garden and fence to the southern façade of the barracks building has been altered since 1984, as the only close-up photographic evidence reveals.
Without any evidence from historical records, dating the building by its fabric alone is difficult, but it is most likely to have been erected between late 1922 when the sawmill began operation and the beginning of WW II. This estimate is based on its overall form, which features an enclosed verandah and a single roof over the entire structure; and the use of a single skin of fibrous cement sheeting on internal partition walls; as well as a number of elements believed to be original: the style of the casement windows with a number of lights and a predominance of mottled glazing, and the dark brown Bakelite electrolier light fittings (lights and adjacent cord-operated switch fixed to ceiling on timber board). Such a estimate would place the construction of the barracks at a time when the mill's operations was expanding in the 1930s and 40s.
","criteria":"Jimna Single Men's Barracks (c1930) is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland history relating to the timber industry in southern Queensland, which was the most productive timber-getting region in the State. Jimna demonstrates the phase of inland timber-getting after the easily accessible coastal softwoods were depleted in the 19th century. Dating from 1922 Jimna was one of the sites of timber retrieval facilitated and intrinsically linked to branch rail line development.
Jimna Single Men's Barracks demonstrates the practice by private companies involved in the removal and milling of Queensland timbers from native and later plantation forests of providing the infrastructure, in particular accommodation, of inland timber towns built around mill sites.
|The Jimna Single Men's Barracks has a strong association with the company, Hancock and Gore Limited, once one of Queensland's largest timber firms, which established the township at Jimna in 1922 for the express purpose of timber retrieval and milling, and which also provided accommodation and services for its employees; functions which continued for approximately 50 years.
|Jimna Single Men's Barracks is representative of the infrastructure of private timber towns. It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of the accommodation that was created for the express purpose of housing unmarried timber workers in remote locations. Its features include: a long, gable-roofed timber building containing a row of single rooms serving as men's sleeping quarters and opening onto a building-length verandah, and an intact and distinctively formed cookhouse framed with timber and clad in corrugated iron.
|Jimna Single Men's Barracks, is a remnant of a privately-operated timber town, a form of settlement which was once common but has been almost entirely dismantled. The barracks is a rare example of workers' accommodation provided by a private timber company.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion H | Criterion D | Criterion B","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":30433,"place_ref":602701,"name":"Linville War Memorial","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"George Street","suburb":"LINVILLE","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2008-12-11","description":"The Linville War Memorial is a timber structure on a stone and concrete base. It is located in the road reserve and situated parallel to the railway fence, 1.4m from the fence. It is 4m wide and 2.7m deep. The pagoda-style roof is clad in terracotta shingles and has terracotta ridge capping. The timber support posts have been set diagonally to allow for four decorative brackets on each corner. The two southern posts appear to be replacements as they are set on metal saddle brackets, whereas the northern posts are set within the curved concrete supports. These supports sit on a concrete slab which then sits on an exposed stonewall footing. Small gardens border the north and south of the footings.
The honour board is copper attached to a timber backing board with the roll of honour facing the street (east). A second plaque below this honours those who made the supreme sacrifice. On the western side facing the railway line, back to back with the honour board is a shield - 'Linville's tribute to the memory of the brave'. Also on the western face is another plaque describing the machine gun which is set in concrete at base of the memorial: 'German machine gun captured on the Western Front by the 9th Battalion AIF 11-4-1918'. The timber supports for the honour board backing board are also in poor repair and in need of remedial work. The machine gun is set in a concrete block painted to resemble sandstone.
","history":"The Linville War Memorial is a small timber structure with a terracotta-tiled roof, prominently located in road reserve adjacent to the railway reserve, opposite the store, hotel and Progress Hall. It was designed by Linville photographer, cartoonist, artist and World War I veteran, Tom Cross, and constructed in the early 1920s by his brothers Frank and Jim, with materials donated by the community. The memorial commemorates all local volunteers who served in World War I including eight young men from Linville who did not return.
The Town of Linville is situated on what was earlier part of Colinton Run, taken up by the Balfour Brothers in 1841. Colinton lands were opened for selection in 1897, and closer settlement around what is now Linville intensified following the announcement in 1900 that the Brisbane Valley Branch Railway was to be extended to Moore. The line to Toogoolawah opened on 8 February 1904. Yimbin became the terminus in September 1904 and a further 45k extension was authorised on 1 April 1908, including a 300 metre climb to Linville. Colinton School was established in 1901, but was renamed Linville in 1906. The Town of Linville was surveyed privately c1909 and offered for sale, with the first land transfers occurring from April 1910. The railway line reached the town later in the year. This further cemented the dairying industry in the region allowing easier access to local dairy factories. A sawmill opened in the town in 1912.
One of the first selectors in the district was William Cross of Ipswich, who took up Portion 106V in February 1897. In 1898 some of his family moved to the new property, which they named Crossdale. Son Tom was 15 at the time. When his older brother Ben came to live on the family property in 1906, Tom decided to relocate to Ipswich to pursue his artistic interests, taking a job in a photographic studio and producing artworks in his spare time. He later moved to Sydney to study art, while continuing to work in photography.
During the Great War (1914-1918) twenty-four Linville men - some as young as 18 - volunteered for service overseas. Eight of them never returned. For the small community of Linville this was a significant loss.
Ben and Tom Cross joined the services in 1915. During the war years, Tom became well known for his cartoons and drawings depicting life aboard the troop ships, training in Egypt and scenes of the battlefields of France and Belgium. Some were reproduced as postcards, and he reportedly sold six thousand of these. Others were published in Punch magazine. Many are now held by the Australian War Memorial. Tom suffered from 'trench feet', a form of frost bite, which was to plague him for years after he returned home in 1919. Ben gave his life in the service of his country.
During and immediately after the Great War, local communities across Australia began working towards the erection of memorials to those who had served in the war. The impact had been significant with 60,000 men lost from a population of about four million, representing one in five men of those who served. Many were not buried in cemeteries. The construction of a local memorial was often the only tangible reminder of servicemen who lay in graves and battlefields across Europe and the Middle East, and the memorials were considered sacred.
Australian War Memorials are unique in that they generally honour all who served, not just those who died. Australians were proud that their first great national army was composed entirely of volunteers. All who served were considered worthy of honour whether or not they paid the supreme sacrifice. Many memorials honour all who served from a locality, providing valuable evidence of community involvement in the war. This evidence is not readily available from military records, or from state or national listings, where names are categorised alphabetically or by military unit. Linville is one such memorial.
Tom Cross designed the Linville War Memorial, which was built by his brothers Frank, a cabinetmaker, and Jim. Frank managed the project in which all of the materials, labour and construction were donated by local people. It would seem that the memorial was not completed for ANZAC Day in 1921 as a newspaper article indicates that Linville residents attended the unveiling of Toogoolawah's machine gun trophy on Sunday 24 April 1921.
In May 1921, the Linville community was allocated a war trophy. The collection of war trophies was coordinated through the Australian War Records Section and was initially carried out in accordance with the British War Office regulations. The British government assumed it would select the best trophies for the British National War Museum, but the Australian Government objected, insisting that the trophies claimed by their troops should be made available to them. In 1919 it was decided that the Australian War Museum (later the Australian War Memorial) should retain the larger trophies and the smaller ones be distributed to Australian towns according to the size and population of the town. Small towns with a population of between 300 and 3,000, such as Linville, were allocated a machine gun. Consideration was given to allocating trophies captured by units raised in a particular area. Linville was allocated a German machine gun captured in April 1918 by the 9th Battalion to which 5 local men had been attached.
The procurement of a war trophy may have expedited the process of building the Linville memorial, because the Queensland State War Trophy Committee specified that a war trophy was to be an integral part of the local memorial. The design of a memorial became contentious also, with New South Wales establishing a War Memorials Advisory Board attempting to influence the design process to stem the tide of 'inartistic' memorials being erected. While Queensland did not regulate design and construction, the Queensland Institute of Architects regretted the 'deplorable artistic character of many war memorials recently erected in Queensland'. The design for the Linville War Memorial, prepared by local artist Tom Cross, would have adequately appeased this desire for quality public memorial design.
The memorial remains in its original location in the centre of Linville. Repair work to the memorial was commissioned by Somerset Regional Council in 2008.
","criteria":"The memorial in its setting is of aesthetic significance for its quality of design, workmanship and use of materials.
|War memorials are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history as they are representative of periods of turmoil and loss that affected communities throughout the State. They provide evidence of an era of widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism, particularly during and following World War 1. The war memorial at Linville, recording the names of the 24 local men who served during the war, one-third of whom did not return, illustrates the impact of this war on one small Queensland rural community, and is indicative of a pattern that occurred throughout the State.
|The monument manifests a unique and enduring documentary record of the involvement of the Linville community in an international event.
The place is important in demonstrating an uncommon aspect of Queensland's history, being designed by local returned serviceman Tom Cross. The design of the Linville War Memorial is uncommon in Queensland, and being designed by a returned serviceman for his local community was equally uncommon. War memorials of this era were more likely to be the work of a commissioned architect or stone mason.
|The Linville War Memorial has a strong association with the local community as evidence of a major historic event and a focal point for the remembrance of that event.
|The Linville War Memorial demonstrates the principal characteristics of a World War I memorial: the inclusion of a memorial plaque to local residents who served in World War 1; the integration of the machine gun war trophy into the design; and the prominent location.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion E | Criterion A | Criterion B | Criterion G | Criterion D","criteria_definitions":"The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":35202,"place_ref":602849,"name":"Tarampa State School","alternate_name":"Tarampa Provisional School","street_address":"18 Manthey Road","suburb":"TARAMPA","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2015-05-01","description":"Tarampa State School is located in the small rural township of Tarampa in the Brisbane Valley. Accessed via Manthey Road, the school occupies a rectangular 1.62ha block surrounded by open farmland and private residences. The school complex comprises a Ferguson teaching building (1886, extended 1897), a playshed (1897), a teacher’s residence (1934) and a large leopard tree (Caesalpinia ferrea, planted ca.1894) known to the school community as the ‘Dibby Dibby’ tree, as well as other mature trees.
\nFerguson teaching building (1886, extended 1897)
\nThe Ferguson building stands near the centre of the front (eastern) boundary, facing east to Manthey Road. It is a small timber building with verandahs on the east and west sides (now enclosed). It is lowset on timber stumps with weatherboard-clad walls and a gable roof clad in corrugated metal sheeting. The gable end walls each have a large area of timber-framed casement windows with fanlights, sheltered by timber-framed hoods with battened cheeks. The apex of each gable has a panel of fixed timber louvres venting the roof space. The gable eaves are lined with timber boards.
\nThe enclosed verandahs retain verandah posts and beams in some locations, beneath later cladding. On the east side, the main entrance is accessed via timber steps and consists of a central, unenclosed section of the verandah with an early timber door in the verandah wall. The north end of the east verandah is enclosed with weatherboards to form a small office, while the south end is enclosed with a solid balustrade and modern aluminium sliding windows. The raked verandah ceiling is lined with timber boards, except in the small office which has flat sheeting linings.
\nThe west verandah has been completely enclosed. At the northern end is an early storeroom (possibly a former hatroom) with single-skin enclosing walls, accessed by a half-glazed timber door. Adjoining the storeroom is a recently enclosed section of verandah with a timber floor, weatherboard cladding to the verandah wall, and a raked ceiling lined with timber boards. The central and southern sections of the verandah have recent fit-outs and linings. An original doorway survives in the former verandah wall, retaining its tall, two-light, vertically centre pivoting fanlight windows. A wing wall in the southern section indicates the location of a former lavatory enclosure.
\nOriginally one large classroom, the interior of the teaching building has been divided into two rooms by a single-skin timber partition lined with vertical timber boards. An early timber door connects the two rooms. The coved ceiling is lined with beaded timber boards and timber tie-beams with stop-chamfered edges are exposed within the space. A join in the ceiling lining in the northern room likely indicates the point from which the building was extended in 1897. The walls are generally lined with vertical, v-jointed tongue and groove boards. Some windows, doors and ceiling vents have been removed or sheeted over but their locations are visible in the wall and ceiling linings. Other windows have had their sashes removed and replaced with louvres.
\nPlayshed (1897)
\nThe playshed, located to the south-west of the Ferguson building, is a small 10-post timber structure with a hipped roof clad with corrugated metal sheeting. The posts are braced to the roof framing by brackets and the roof framing is exposed. The eastern side is partially enclosed with timber lattice screens and the southern side is enclosed with corrugated metal sheeting.
\nTeacher’s Residence (1934)
\nThe teacher’s residence occupies its own rectangular yard in the southeast corner of the site. It is a highset timber-framed building on concrete stumps, clad with weatherboards and has a hipped and gabled roof clad with corrugated metal sheeting. The building faces east to Manthey Road and contains bedrooms and living rooms along the front and south sides, the kitchen with projecting stove alcove on the west (rear) side, and the toilet, bathroom and pantry in the north-west corner. The projecting, gabled front room has packed weatherboards to ventilate the roof space and the L-shaped front verandah, wrapping the front and north sides, is enclosed. The understorey is enclosed by timber batten screens and has a laundry room enclosure in the south-west corner. Replacement tank stands occupy the original rainwater tank locations.
\nThe front and rear entrances are accessed by timber stairs and both have partially-glazed timber doors with multiple panes of textured glass. The front door (now an internal door) is high-waisted. The building has a variety of timber-framed windows, including six-light casements with fanlights, six-light casements with textured glass, and a set of nine-light sliding sashes. The enclosed verandah has banks of glass louvres and sets of three-light casements. Most windows have timber window hoods with battened cheeks.
\nThe interior layout is intact, with a central hall running from front to back with rooms either side. Internal partitions are single-skin with exposed stud framing. Walls and ceilings are lined with v-jointed tongue and groove boards. The rooms retain original joinery, including modest skirtings, cornices and architraves. Internal doors are high-waisted with fanlights and doors to the former verandah are half-glazed, six-light French doors with fanlights. All early doors have original door hardware.
\nGrounds and views
\nEstablished trees, gardens and pathways are located throughout the southern and eastern areas of the school grounds, while the northern and western school grounds remain open fields. A tennis court with a 1960s timber shelter shed is located along the front boundary on the northern side of the Ferguson teaching building. Several memorials are located within garden beds, including a cairn commemorating Australia’s Bicentenary and a plaque commemorating the 125th anniversary of the school.
\nSignificant trees are the large leopard tree (‘Dibby Dibby’ tree), which stands between the Ferguson building and the school residence,.and a large fig (possibly rusty fig, ficus rubiginosa) in the southeast corner of the residence yard. Other mature tree varieties within the school and residence grounds include poinciana (delonix regia), crows ash (flindersia australis), jacaranda (jacaranda mimosifolia), maple (acer sp.) and eucalyptus (eucalyptus spp.).
\nThe school is prominent in its location and views of the surrounding countryside are obtained from within the school grounds.
\nOther structures
\nOther buildings and structures on the site, including teaching buildings, shade structures, sheds and a recent toilet block, are not of cultural heritage significance.
","history":"Tarampa State School opened in 1880 as Tarampa Provisional School on a four-acre (1.62ha) site within the small agricultural settlement in the Brisbane Valley, to serve the sparse but growing rural population. As settlement increased, the provisional school building was replaced by a Ferguson-designed teaching building (1886) and other structures and landscape elements were built, including a playshed (1897) and a new teacher's residence (1934). The school has been in continuous operation since establishment and has been a focus for the local community as a place for important social and cultural activity.
\nEuropean occupation of the Brisbane Valley dates from 1841. Tarampa Station, a large pastoral lease stretching from the D’Aguilar range to Glenmore Grove and from Prenzlau to Coominya, was established by Charles Cameron in the 1840s.[1] Agricultural settlement followed in the early 1860s on the Tarampa Agricultural Reserve, created under the Agricultural Reserves Act 1861. The settlers around Tarampa were predominantly of German origin. Primarily subsistence farmers, they raised livestock and grew mixed crops.[2]
\nTarampa Provisional School opened in a private house on 1 April 1880 with 20 children attending on the first day.[3] Construction of a school building on Lot 374, a four-acre (1.62ha) site purchased from Michael Kerlin, was undertaken by Mr Graff in 1880 for £60.[4]
\nThe provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia. Following the introduction of Queensland’s Education Act 1860, which established the Board of General Education and began standardising curriculum, training and facilities, Queensland’s public schools grew from four in 1860 to 230 by 1875.[5] The State Education Act 1875 provided for free, compulsory and secular primary education and the establishment of the Department of Public Instruction. This further standardised the provision of education, and despite difficulties, achieved the remarkable feat of bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.[6]
\nThe establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school’s construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents and teachers. The inclusion of war memorials and community halls reinforced these connections and provided a venue for a wide range of community events in schools across Queensland.[7]
\nTo help ensure consistency and economy, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber-framed, an easy and cost-effective approach that also enabled the government to provide facilities in remote areas. Standard designs were continually refined in response to changing needs and educational philosophy and Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in climate control, lighting and ventilation. Standardisation produced distinctly similar schools across Queensland with complexes of typical components.[8]
\nTarampa benefitted from the extension of the railway to nearby Lowood in 1884, which provided local farmers with improved access to markets for their produce and stimulated the timber industry in the area.
\nDue to increased enrolments, Tarampa’s provisional school was upgraded to a state school in 1886.[9] In colonial Queensland, provisional schools were a convenient means of providing an elementary education for the small, scattered and often transient rural population and became an integral part of the educational landscape. A provisional school could be opened with as few as 15 (later 12) pupils. The Board of Public Instruction gave financial assistance to local committees to set up and maintain these schools. The local committee provided a building and found a teacher, while the Board paid the teacher’s salary relative to the number of pupils. If the local population declined, the provisional school closed at little expense to the Board. If the district or town developed, as Tarampa did, the provisional school was raised to state school status and provided with purpose-designed school buildings. A tender by JG (George) Schlecht for £500 was accepted in 1886 for the building of a standard, Ferguson-designed teaching building. The old teaching building was converted for use as the teacher’s residence on the site.[10] In the same year, Schlecht was also contracted to fence the school for £37, as wandering stock were damaging the paintwork and water tanks.[11]
\nThe new building at Tarampa State School was built to a standard design that was introduced in 1880 and constructed across the colony until 1893. Employed by the Department of Public Instruction as its first Superintendent of Buildings, builder-architect Robert Ferguson was responsible for school building design between 1879 and 1885, and he was the first to give serious consideration to the ventilation of interiors.[12] Into the lowset, timber-framed buildings Ferguson introduced a coved ceiling and vented the roof space, improving internal temperatures. The number of windows and their size was increased; however, they were few in number and sill heights were typically over 4'6\" (1.3m) above floor level, well above the eye level of students. Modestly-decorative timber roof trusses were exposed within the space. In 1885 Robert Ferguson was replaced as Superintendent of Buildings by his brother John Ferguson who continued to implement his brother’s designs until John’s death in 1893, when responsibility for school buildings passed back to the Department of Public Works. Built to this standard design, the new school building at Tarampa State School was a low-set, timber-framed structure with gable roofs, verandahs front and back, and modest 'carpenter gothic' timber detailing.[13]
\nIn 1897 plans for additions to the school and residence were drawn.[14] It is likely that the school was extended to the north at this time, increasing its length from 34 feet (10.4m) to approximately 50 feet (15.5m). At some time a central timber partition was added, dividing the building into two classrooms. The proposed residence was not built, but additions, improvements, repairs and painting of the Ferguson building were advertised for tender.[15]
\nIn 1897 a 10-post timber playshed with a hipped roof was built at the school by F Williams for £59 10s.[16] The Queensland education system recognised the importance of play in the school curriculum and, the need for all-weather outdoor space. Playsheds were designed as free-standing shelters, with fixed timber seating between posts and earth or decomposed granite floors that provided covered play space and doubled as teaching space when needed. These structures were timber-framed and generally open sided, although some were partially enclosed with timber boards or corrugated galvanised iron sheets.[17] The hipped (or less frequently, gabled) roofs were clad with timber shingles or corrugated iron. Playsheds were a typical addition to state schools across Queensland between c1880s and the 1950s, although less frequently constructed after c1909, with the introduction of highset school buildings with understorey play areas. Built to standard designs, playsheds that ranged in size relative to student numbers.[18]
\nThe turn of the century brought growth in the area. Tarampa run was repurchased by the Queensland Government and opened for selection by small farmers in 1903. A cream depot had been established at Tarampa in the 1890s, and in September 1903 the Lowood butter factory opened, providing a local facility for dairy providers.[19] Tarampa’s population rose to a peak of a little over 500 in 1911[20] and enrolments at its school increased accordingly. In 1919 the two-roomed Ferguson building accommodated 117 children.[21]
\nRepairs and improvements to the Ferguson building were carried out in August 1928 after the Head Teacher, George Oxley Anderson, complained to the Department of Public Instruction about its inadequate lighting conditions and lack of ventilation. Subsequently, it was lined and painted, and general repairs undertaken.[22]
\nFurther alterations to the Ferguson building to improve the lighting and ventilation were made in 1933. These were to a standard design by the Department of Public Works. They included a new door from the north classroom to the back verandah and cost £5 2s 6p.[23] Also at this time, the windows in the gable end walls may have been widened and lowered. From 1893 the Department of Public Works greatly improved the natural ventilation and lighting of classroom interiors, experimenting with different combinations of roof ventilators, ceiling and wall vents, larger windows, dormer windows and ducting.
\nIn 1928 community working bees erected a new school fence and repaired the disused tennis court with new posts and a new surface.[24] Photographic evidence shows tennis being played on the grass tennis court c1920s.[25]
\nIn 1930, 50th jubilee celebrations took place at the school. Approximately 1,000 people, 14 of whom were first day pupils, attended the day. £130 was raised for school improvements. A Jubilee Ball in the evening concluded the celebrations, ‘which proved to be the most successful social event in the history of Tarampa’.[26]
\nIn 1934 a new teacher's residence was constructed in the southeast corner of Tarampa State School and the old residence (the original provisional school building) was sold and removed the following year.[27] The new residence was constructed to a standard Department of Public Works design (Type D/R3) containing three bedrooms, a living room, kitchen with stove alcove, bathroom and a wrap-around verandah. The new residence was described as ‘…a well-built, modern house, replete with all conveniences, and not over-decorated. The work is a credit to the builders and a big improvement to the surroundings’.[28]
\nFrom the outset, teacher’s residences were built to a standard regulated by the Board of General Education rather than a specific design, so the form varied with each commissioned architect.[29] Initially, residences were most often attached as annexes to the classroom building, but from the 1880s were built as detached residences. These residences were similar to the vernacular Queensland house with few, if any, education-specific requirements or features.
\nResidences designed by the Department of Public Works’ architects were typically of a higher-quality in design, materials and construction than most similarly-scaled private residences. The detached teacher’s residence was located within the school grounds at a distance from the teaching buildings, usually with a separate, fenced yard with gardens and trees. The designs ranged from one to four bedrooms and evolved simultaneously with the teaching buildings to keep up with modern needs and styles.
\nThe school celebrated the 75th jubilee of its official opening on 2 April 1955, with approximately 1300 people in attendance. A photograph taken on the day shows the Ferguson teaching building with an open front verandah, balustrade with horizontal rails and paling fence. The visitors’ book was signed under the Leopard tree (Caesalpinia ferrea) believed to have been planted c1894 by then Head Teacher, Edward Doran, and ‘Johnny Tarampa, King of the Trampah tribe’ who died c1901.[30] Other mature trees grow on the site, such as Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), Eucalyptus spp, and a large Fig Tree (Ficus sp) in the garden of the teacher’s residence.
\nThe provision of outdoor play space was a result of the early and continuing commitment to play-based education, particularly in primary school. Trees and gardens were planted as part of the beautification of the school. In the 1870s, schools inspector William Boyd was critical of tropical schools and amongst his recommendations was the importance of the addition of shade trees in the playground. In addition, Arbor Day celebrations began in Queensland in 1890. Landscape elements were often constructed to standard designs and were intrinsic to Queensland Government education philosophies. Educationalists believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds the value of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes, and inspired people to stay on the land. Aesthetically-designed gardens were encouraged by regional inspectors.[31]
\nTarampa’s population fell from c1911 to the 1960s, especially with the decline in dairying after World War II,[32] but rose again to 325 in 2011.
\nBetween the 1960s and the 1980s Queensland education was reformed and school buildings were altered as a result. The Education Act 1964 was a turning point and the first major update of Queensland education's governing legislation since 1875. Effectively, a new era of state education evolved, requiring new architectural responses. The Department of Education (as it had been renamed in 1957) continued to give the responsibility of building design to the architects of the Department of Public Works. With new educational philosophies, government policies and functional requirements combined with new architectural styles, materials and technologies, the evolution of standard designs became more fragmented. Rather than ‘improving' on the previous designs, architects began to design with inspiration drawn from new precedents. Fundamentally, timber construction was no longer favoured and buildings were no longer predominantly highset.[33]
\nSome alterations to the school were made in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1977, the west verandah of the Ferguson teaching building was enclosed for library and health services purposes and the verandah stairs relocated.[34] In 1981 the school’s library and storeroom were remodelled. Drawings show the demountable building (T2000 on block plan) already in place with the original Ferguson teaching building used as a teaching space and a library, the front verandah used as a withdrawal area and health room, and the back verandah as a work/store room and staff room.[35] The playshed had lattice applied to its eastern side and corrugated iron to its southern side.
\nCentenary celebrations in 1980 included a published history of the school.[36]
\nIn 2011, a multi-purpose building was constructed to replace the library housed in the Ferguson Teaching Building (‘Block A’). The old library was converted for use by the school administration and as a resource centre. Other improvements to the school were also made including; bituminising the undercover area and re-cementing around that area, the installation of soft-fall in the playground and lattice work.[37]
\nIn 2015, the Tarampa State School continues to operate and retains the Ferguson building, playshed and residence. The school is important to the town having operated from the site since 1880 and as generations of Tarampa students have been taught there. Since establishment it has been a key social focus for the Tarampa community with the grounds and buildings having been the location of many social events.
\n","criteria":"
Tarampa State School (established in 1880 as Tarampa Provisional School) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland. It retains representative examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government education philosophies. At Tarampa State School these standard designs are: an early Ferguson-designed school building (1886), a playshed (1897) and a teacher’s residence (1934) set within schools grounds with significant landscape elements including mature plantings and a tennis court.
|Tarampa State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of early Queensland state schools with their later modifications. These include: generous, landscaped sites with mature shade trees, play areas and sporting facilities; and timber-framed buildings constructed to standard designs by the Queensland Government. The school is a good example of a modest, regional school complex.
\nThe Ferguson teaching building (1886, extended c1897) is an excellent, intact example that retains its lowset, rectangular form, with front and rear verandahs (now enclosed), gable roof, louvred ventilation panels, coved ceiling, exposed timber tie beams and some early doors and windows.
\nThe playshed (1897) has a hipped timber-framed roof supported on braced timber posts (with two sides partially enclosed).
\nThe teacher's residence (1934) is an excellent, intact example of the residence type of its period – a highset timber-framed and clad building comprising three bedrooms, a living room, kitchen with stove alcove, bathroom and an L-shaped verandah (now enclosed).
\n\n
The mature leopard tree (caesalpinia ferrea) and fig tree (ficus sp) are fine examples of the shade trees planted in Queensland school grounds.
|Schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain significant and enduring connections with former pupils, parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations.
\n\n
Tarampa State School has a strong and ongoing association with the Tarampa community. Operating since 1880, generations of its children have been taught there. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of Tarampa and is a prominent community focal point and gathering place for social events with widespread community support.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion G","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":35558,"place_ref":602853,"name":"Mount Tarampa State School","alternate_name":"Mt Tarampa State School","street_address":"9 Profkes Road","suburb":"MOUNT TARAMPA","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2015-05-01","description":"Mount Tarampa State School stands on an elevated, approximately 2 ha site on the corner of main thoroughfares, Profkes and Mount Tarampa roads, in Mount Tarampa, approximately 40km northwest of Ipswich. The school comprises a complex of small buildings, including an early provisional school building (1906, extended 1916), teacher’s residence (1918, extended c1955), playshed (1912), tennis court (pre-1925) and established trees. The school is conspicuous in its rural setting.
\nProvisional School (1906, extended 1916)
\nSet well back from and facing east to Profkes Road, the early Provisional School building is a small one-storey, lowset, timber-framed structure; axially aligned with the school entrance. The building is clad in timber weatherboards and is sheltered by a gable roof clad with corrugated metal sheets. It has a front and rear verandah and accommodates two rooms. The northern and southern gable ends each retain original tall, timber-framed casement windows sheltered by timber hoods with battened cheeks. Stop-chamfered brackets supporting the centre of each hood are possibly original. Packed weatherboards at the gable end apexes vent the interior.
\nBoth the front (east) and back (west) verandahs are accessed by centrally located timber stairs. The front verandah has exposed roof framing, square timber posts and a timber two-rail balustrade. A join in the fascia identifies the extent of the 1916 northern extension. The southern end of the front verandah is enclosed to form a staff kitchen; and the rear verandah is enclosed for use as staff offices. The front and rear verandah walls retain early timber-framed casement windows with high sills. Access to the interior is via original braced and ledged board doors (not in their original locations).
\nOriginally one large classroom, the interior is divided into two rooms separated by a central hallway of part-height modern partitions. The interior walls and coved ceilings are lined with v-jointed timber boards. A continuous break in the ceiling boards over the central hallway delineates where the 1916 extension was attached. Timber tie beams are exposed within the spaces and timber lattice ceiling vents are in the northern and southern rooms.
\nTeacher’s Residence (1918, extended c1955)
\nThe teacher’s residence is a highset timber-framed, weatherboard-clad building that stands on concrete stumps and is protected by a corrugated metal-clad hipped roof. The building addresses Profkes Road to the east, with bedrooms and living rooms along the north and east sides, and a kitchen with projecting stove alcove at the southwest corner. The interior is accessed via central front (east) and rear (west) timber stairs that lead to verandahs. The front verandah has timber posts and a two-rail battened balustrade, and the rear verandah has been enclosed with weatherboards to form a living space. The c1955 extension on the north side comprises a living space with a bathroom in the northwest corner. Verandah walls are single-skin, lined with v-jointed tongue-and-groove boards. The building has a variety of timber-framed windows, including original double-hung windows—those on the southern elevation are sheltered by original timber-framed hoods with battened cheeks. The understorey has timber batten screens fixed between concrete stumps; the southwest corner has been enclosed to form a utility room.
\nThe internal layout of the residence is highly intact, comprising a central corridor running east-west between the entrance doors, with two rooms to either side. The front two rooms are bedrooms, and a bedroom and kitchen are at the rear. The kitchen has a stove recess and pantry. Internal walls are single skin with exposed studwork, and most walls are lined with v-jointed tongue-and-groove boards. Ceilings are lined in flat sheeting, and modern carpet and linoleum line the floors. Skirting, cornices and architraves are narrow with simple profiles. Retaining early hardware, internal doors are low-waisted with two-light fanlights, and doors to the northern extension are half-glazed, six-light French doors, with single-light centre-pivoting fanlights. The bathroom, toilet and kitchen fitouts are not of cultural heritage significance.
\nPlayshed (1912)
\nThe playshed is located to the south of the Provisional School building. It is a 6-post, timber-framed shelter with braced posts and a hipped roof clad with corrugated metal sheets. The formerly open-sided structure has been enclosed with modern part-height corrugated metal sheets. It has a concrete floor and a ceiling of flat sheet material has been inserted. Timber brackets are internally attached to the southwestern posts for storage of a wooden trestle table. Modern window and door openings are not of cultural heritage significance.
\nGrounds
\nThe grounds of Mount Tarampa State School are well established and include mature trees. These include: three well-established date palms (phoenix dactylifera) within the teacher’s residence yard; a large bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris) adjacent to the fence-line separating the school and residence; a mature Bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii) at the front of the school near Profkes Road; and other established trees lining the boundary of the site. A tennis court, located northwest of the provisional school building, has a modern surface and is surrounded by high chain wire fencing.
\nOther structures
\nOther buildings and structures within the cultural heritage boundary are not of cultural heritage significance.
\n","history":"
Mount Tarampa State School opened in 1906 as Mount Tarampa Provisional School on a two-acre (0.81ha) site within the small agricultural settlement of Mount Tarampa in the Brisbane Valley, to serve the sparse but growing rural population. As settlement increased, the provisional school building was extended (c1916) and a teacher's residence was built (1918). Other structures and landscape elements were added including a play shed (1912), a tennis court (pre-1925) and plantings. The school has been in continuous operation since establishment and has been a focus for the local community as a place for important social and cultural activity.
\nEuropean occupation of the Brisbane Valley dates from 1841. Charles Cameron established Tarampa station, a large pastoral lease stretching from the D’Aguilar range to Glenmore Grove and from Prenzlau to Coominya, in the 1840s.[1] Settlement in the Mount Tarampa area occurred when the Tarampa Repurchased Estate, comprising 17,432 acres (7054.5ha) divided into 144 properties, opened for selection in 1903.[2] All of the blocks were occupied by 1909. Farmers in the area carried out mixed farming, dairying and grazing.[3]
\nMount Tarampa Provisional School opened on 23 July 1906 with 22 children attending in the first year.[4] Construction of the Department of Public Works-designed provisional school building, on a two-acre (0.81ha) site purchased from James West, was undertaken by C Risdale for £101 10s.[5]
\nThe provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia. Following the introduction of the Education Act 1860, which standardised curriculum, training and facilities, Queensland’s national and public schools grew from four in 1860 to 230 by 1875.[6] The State Education Act 1875 provided for free, compulsory and secular primary education and the establishment of the Department of Public Instruction. This further standardised the provision of education, and despite difficulties, achieved the remarkable feat of bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.[7]
\nThe establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school’s construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents and teachers. The inclusion of war memorials and community halls reinforced these connections and provided a venue for a wide range of community events in schools across Queensland.[8]
\nTo help ensure consistency and economy, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber-framed, an easy and cost-effective approach that also enabled the government to provide facilities in remote areas. Standard designs were continually refined in response to changing needs and educational philosophy and Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in climate control, lighting and ventilation. Standardisation produced distinctly similar schools across Queensland with complexes of typical components.[9]
\nIn colonial Queensland, provisional schools were a convenient means of providing an elementary education for the small, scattered and often transient rural population and became an integral part of the educational landscape. A provisional school could be opened with as few as 15 (later 12) pupils. The Board of Public Instruction gave financial assistance to local committees to set up and maintain these schools. The local committee provided a building and found a teacher, while the Board paid the teacher’s salary relative to the number of pupils. If the local population declined, the provisional school closed at little expense to the Board. If the district or town developed, the provisional school was raised to state school status and provided with purpose-designed school buildings.
\nBy 1892 the condition of provisional school buildings, which formed almost half of the colony’s schools, was an embarrassment to the Department of Public Instruction.[10] A recommended plan was introduced in 1892 to try to improve matters. This standard type (B/T6) was for a small low-set timber framed and clad building with a gable roof. It accommodated one large classroom 21ft x 14ft (6.4m x 4.2m) with a front verandah, although a rear verandah was sometimes provided. The building was of single-skin construction and lined externally with chamferboards. The building had few windows and ventilation was provided by a high-level louvred vent in the gable end wall. These were often a huge improvement over the previous provisional school buildings and were constructed until c1910.[11] The Mount Tarampa building was a typical provisional school building (type B/T6) similar to the standard plan introduced by the Department of Public Instruction. It was a single room, gable roofed structure of the above dimensions, with a front verandah, 7 x 21ft (2.1 x 6.4m), and a central doorway. A water tank and outbuildings were also provided.[12]
\nMount Tarampa Provisional School was re-designated as a state school in 1909.[13] In that year, the Department of Public Instruction upgraded the majority of provisional schools to state school status by lowering the required minimum average number of pupils for a state school from 30 to 12, gradually providing these schools with new buildings designed and constructed to government standards.[14] At Mount Tarampa, a rear verandah and a new central doorway were added to the school building, with partial corner enclosures for hat rooms. The school was also painted.[15]
\nThe Queensland education system recognised the importance of play in the school curriculum and, the need for all-weather outdoor space. Playsheds were designed as free-standing shelters, with fixed timber seating between posts and earth or decomposed granite floors that provided covered play space and doubled as teaching space when required. These structures were timber-framed and generally open sided, although some were partially enclosed with timber boards or corrugated galvanised iron sheets.[16] The hipped (or less frequently, gabled) roofs were clad with timber shingles or corrugated iron. Playsheds were a typical addition to state schools across Queensland between c1880s and the 1950s, although less frequently constructed after c1909, with the introduction of highset school buildings with understorey play areas. Built to standard designs, playsheds ranged in size relative to student numbers.[17] A playshed, constructed at Mount Tarampa School by C Risdale, was completed by March 1912.[18] The playshed was built to a standard 6-post design. It was 24ft x 12ft (7.32m x 3.66m), constructed of exposed timber framing and had a hipped roof.[19]
\nBy 1914 there were 52 children attending Mount Tarampa State School, necessitating the use of the verandahs for teaching and prompting the School Committee to request an extension to the 1906 building. These extensions completed in July 1916 at a cost of £226 comprised: addition of a northern classroom, 19x22ft (5.8x6.7m); lining of the classrooms and rearrangement of windows reusing the original windows; centring the stairs at the front (east) and rear (west) of the extended building; and installing new wash basins at either end of the rear verandah.[20] The tall, timber-framed casement windows from the eastern and western verandah walls were repositioned to the gable end walls. Sunshades protecting the gable end casement windows were extended from one to three bays wide to accommodate the additional windows. Two timber-framed casement windows were installed at a high level at the northern end of the western verandah wall, and two at the southern end of the eastern verandah wall. These alterations were designed to allow maximum natural light to enter from the left hand side of each student.[21]
\nFrom 1893 the Department of Public Works greatly improved the natural ventilation and lighting of classroom interiors, experimenting with different combinations of roof ventilators, ceiling and wall vents, larger windows, dormer windows and ducting. Achieving an ideal or even adequate level of natural light in classrooms, without glare, was of critical importance to educators and became central to the design and layout of all school buildings. From around 1909 windows were rearranged and enlarged to provide a greater amount of gentle, southern light into the room and desks were rearranged so the light would fall onto students’ left hand sides to avoid throwing shadows onto the pages; this presupposed that all students were right-handed. This often meant a complete transformation of the fenestration of existing buildings. Windows were larger and sills were lowered to let in more light generally. Smaller classrooms were preferred as they were easier to light correctly. Interiors became lighter and airier and met with immediate approval from educationalists.[22]
\nIn 1918 a teacher’s residence was constructed for £588 and was ready for occupation by February 1919.[23] This two bedroom teacher’s residence (type C/R2) was one of three standard designs created between 1894 and 1914.[24] From the outset, teacher’s residences were built to a standard regulated by the Board of General Education rather than a specific design, so the form varied with each commissioned architect.[25] Initially, residences were most often attached as annexes to the classroom building, but from the 1880s were built as detached residences. These residences were similar to the vernacular Queensland house with few, if any, education-specific requirements or features.
\nResidences designed by the Department of Public Works’ architects, were typically of a higher-quality in design, materials and construction than most similarly-scaled private residences. The detached teacher’s residence was located within the school grounds at a distance from the teaching buildings, usually with a separate, fenced yard with gardens and trees. The designs ranged from one to four bedrooms and evolved simultaneously with the teaching buildings to keep up with modern needs and styles.
\nMount Tarampa State School’s growing student population resulted in additions and improvements to the school grounds during the 1920s. The average number of children attending increased to 67 in 1925, prompting the Committee to purchase three acres of land in 1922 for additional play space and a one-acre (0.4ha) horse paddock.[26] By 1925 a tennis court had been built, which was used for school grade tennis matches.[27]
\nThe provision of outdoor play space was a result of the early and continuing commitment to play-based education, particularly in primary school. Trees and gardens were planted as part of the beautification of the school. In the 1870s, schools inspector William Boyd was critical of tropical schools and amongst his recommendations was the importance of the addition of shade trees in the playground. In addition, Arbor Day celebrations began in Queensland in 1890. Landscape elements were often constructed to standard designs and were intrinsic to Queensland Government education philosophies. Educationalists believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds the value of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes, and inspired people to stay on the land. Aesthetically designed gardens were encouraged by regional inspectors.[28] Some mature trees exist in the Mount Tarampa State School’s grounds, including a Bunya tree (Araucaria Bidwillii) and a large bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris). Three large date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) stand in the residence garden.
\nIn the post-war years, there was little change to the school. Although planned in 1937, a verandah and bathroom addition on the northern side of the teacher’s residence wasn’t completed until about 1955, to a cost of £994. With this addition, windows along the northern wall were replaced by half-glazed, six-light timber French doors.[29]
\nBetween the 1960s and the 1980s a modernisation of Queensland education occurred. The Education Act 1964 was a turning point and the first major update of Queensland education’s governing legislation since 1875. Effectively, a new era of state education evolved with new architectural responses needed. The Department of Education (as it had been renamed in 1957) continued to give the responsibility of building design to the architects of the Department of Public Works. Due to new materials, technologies, educational philosophies, government policies, architectural styles, and functional requirements, the evolution of standard designs became more fragmented. Rather than ‘improving’ on the previous designs, architects began to design on a relatively clean slate, inspired by new precedents. Fundamentally, timber construction was no longer favoured and buildings were no longer predominantly high-set. The mid-1980s brought additions to Mount Tarampa State School with a modular building and an extension to library added in 1986, while in the following year a covered play area was constructed.[30]
\nIn 1981, 75th anniversary celebrations were held on 18 July, including an official luncheon and a book printed for the occasion. In 2006 the school celebrated its centenary and produced a history of the school.[31]
\nBetween 2005 and 2014, the playshed was enclosed on all sides with part-height corrugated metal sheeting. A glass sliding door was installed on the northern elevation and sliding glass windows were added to the eastern and western walls. The timber posts are still visible on the interior, although the roof framing is concealed by a ceiling of flat sheeting.
\nIn 2015, Mount Tarampa State School continues to operate and retains the provisional school building, playshed and teacher’s residence. The school is important to the area, having operated from the site since 1906 and as generations of Mount Tarampa students have been taught there. Since establishment, it has been a key social focus for the Mount Tarampa community with the grounds and buildings being the location of many social events.
\n","criteria":"
Mount Tarampa State School (established in 1906 as Mount Tarampa Provisional School) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland. It retains representative examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government educational philosophies. These are a Department of Public Works-designed provisional school building (1906), a playshed (1912), and a teacher’s residence (1918) set within school grounds with significant landscape elements including mature plantings and a tennis court.
|Mount Tarampa State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of Queensland state school complex, comprising buildings constructed to standard designs by the Department of Public Works, located on a large landscaped site with mature trees and a tennis court. The school is a good example of a modest, regional school with its small, simple teaching building that has been modified over time.
\nThe Department of Public Works designed provisional school building (1906, extended 1916) is an excellent, intact example of its type that retains its lowset form with front and rear verandahs (now partly enclosed), timber-framed and -clad construction, gable roof, coved ceiling, early doors and windows, and natural lighting and ventilation features.
\nThe playshed (1912) has a hipped timber-framed roof supported on braced, timber posts (all sides are now enclosed).
\nThe teacher's residence (1918) is an excellent, intact example of the residence type of its period — a highset timber-framed and -clad building with hipped roof, comprising three bedrooms, a kitchen with stove alcove, and front and rear verandahs (rear verandah is now enclosed).
|Schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain significant and enduring connections with former pupils, parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations.
\nMount Tarampa State School has a strong and ongoing association with the Mount Tarampa community. Operating since 1906 generations of Mount Tarampa children have been taught there. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of Mount Tarampa and is a prominent community focal point and gathering place for social events with widespread community support.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion G","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":35600,"place_ref":602856,"name":"Prenzlau State School","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"357 Prenzlau Road","suburb":"PRENZLAU","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2015-06-12","description":"Prenzlau State School occupies a 0.92ha site in the rural locality of Prenzlau in the Lockyer Valley. Surrounded by hills and paddocks, the site slopes gently down towards Prenzlau Road, which forms the western boundary. The school buildings are set well back from the road, grouped together on the highest point of the site in the southeast corner. Standing approximately in the centre of this group is the Department of Public Works (DPW) teaching building (1900, used as the school office in 2015). Orientated west to address the road, the former front verandah has been enclosed and access is now via staircases to the north and south sides. The playshed (1910) stands to the north of the DPW teaching building. The grounds contain open lawns, mature shade trees, and a tennis court in the southwest corner.
\nDepartment of Public Works teaching building (1900)
\nThe DPW teaching building is a highset, timber-framed building on concrete stumps with a timber floor. The walls are clad in weatherboards and the front and rear verandahs have been enclosed. An annexe is attached to the rear (east) verandah. The north and south end walls each have large banks of early timber windows protected by timber hoods with decorative brackets. The roof is hipped, clad in corrugated metal sheeting and has an original metal ventilation fleche in the centre. A section of the roof overhangs the end walls, designed to shade the original high windows. The eaves are unlined and the exposed rafter ends are moulded.
\nEarly windows throughout the building consist of a bottom row of casements with horizontally centre-pivoting windows above, and an additional top row of centre-pivoting fanlights in the end walls. Windows to the annexe retain their early framing but have been replaced with glass louvres.
\nBoth verandahs have a raked ceiling lined with wide beaded boards and a single skin verandah wall with externally exposed studwork and cross-bracing. Doorways and windows occupy their original, symmetrical positions in the verandah walls, except for the northwest window which has been recently converted into a door. The eastern doorway retains a two-light fanlight and four-panelled, double timber door. The northern end of the rear verandah is enclosed by a partition wall lined with vertical, v-jointed tongue-and-groove boards and is accessed by a half-glazed timber door.
\nThe former annexe has been converted into a store room. The ceiling is coved and lined with flat sheeting with cover strips. The west wall is lined with horizontal beaded boards and all other walls are single-skin with exposed studs. The windows retain their sill and the framing has beaded edges. A batten screen separates the north end of the room.
\nWalls in the former classroom are lined with wide, horizontal timber boards that have a chamferboard profile on the rear (verandah) side and are flat with beaded edges on the classroom side. The coved ceiling is lined with beaded boards and has exposed metal tie rods and square ventilation panels (now enclosed). The floors are lined with modern carpet or linoleum (not of cultural heritage significance).
\nThe World War II honour board is a flat, painted timber board, currently framed and protected under glass. In 2015 it hangs on the eastern wall of the classroom.
\nThe understorey has a concrete slab floor and the concrete stumps have chamfered edges. The area is partially enclosed with corrugated metal sheeting around the western, southern and eastern perimeter. The southeast corner has been further enclosed to form a store room. Doors in the south wall and into the storeroom are braced-and-ledged timber doors.
\nPlayshed (1910)
\nThe playshed is a small six-post timber structure with concrete slab floor and a hipped roof clad in corrugated metal sheeting. The posts are braced to the roof framing by brackets and the roof framing is exposed. Notches in the posts along the western side and corrugations in the edge of the floor slab indicate that an enclosing wall of corrugated metal sheeting has been removed from this side.
\nGrounds and views
\nThe sloping site, open lawns, trees and gardens of the grounds form an attractive setting for the early school buildings. The main entrance from Prenzlau Road is ornamented by a metal archway displaying the dates \"1894-1994\". Mature trees are located around the perimeter of the school site, around the former teachers residence yard in the northwest corner, and in a forestry plot of 17 hoop pine trees (Araucaria cunninghamii) near the north boundary. Significant tree species' include Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), Leopard Tree (Caesalpinnea ferrea), Crow's Ash (Flindersia australis), and She-oak (Allocasuarina).
\nThe school is prominent in its location and picturesque views of the surrounding countryside are obtained from within the school grounds.
\nOther buildings
\nOther buildings and structures on the site, including teaching buildings, shade structures and sheds, are not of cultural heritage significance.
","history":"Prenzlau State School opened in 1894 as a provisional school on a 0.71 ha site within the small agricultural settlement of Prenzlau in the Lockyer Valley, to serve the sparse but growing rural population. As settlement increased, the provisional school building was replaced by a Department of Public Works-designed teaching building (1900) after the school was designated as a state school in 1899 and a playshed was added in 1910. In 1923 the school was moved to its current site. An honour board in the teaching building commemorates those from the district who served during World War II. The school has been in continuous operation since establishment and has been a focus for the local community as a place for important social and cultural activity.
\nTraditionally the land of the Jagera people, European occupation of the Lockyer Valley for pastoral purposes began in the 1840s. Prenzlau's establishment, as Back Plains, dates from the 1870s, when the area was settled by German immigrants from the Uckermark near Prenzlau in Brandenburg, Germany. The name Prenzlau replaced Back Plains in the 1890s.[1]
\nPrenzlau Provisional School opened after its school committee formed and fulfilled the requirements for the opening of a provisional school. Tenders for its construction were called in 1893 and the school opened on 24 January 1894.[2] The school was located on a hilly, north-facing site surrounded by farmland.
\nThe provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia. Following the introduction of Queensland's Education Act 1860, which established the Board of General Education and began standardising curriculum, training and facilities, Queensland's schools grew rapidly.[3] The State Education Act 1875 provided for free, compulsory and secular primary education and the establishment of the Department of Public Instruction. This further standardised the provision of education, and despite difficulties, achieved the remarkable feat of bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.[4]
\nThe establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school's construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress, and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents, and teachers. The inclusion of war memorials and community halls reinforced these connections and provided a venue for a wide range of community events in schools across Queensland.[5]
\nDue to increased enrolments, Prenzlau Provisional School upgraded to a state school in 1899. Tenders were called for constructing a new teaching building and converting the provisional school building into a teacher's residence. The estimated cost was £590, of which the School Committee was required to raise £118.[6]
\nTo help ensure consistency and economy, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber-framed, an easy and cost-effective approach that also enabled the government to provide facilities in remote areas. Standard designs were continually refined in response to changing needs and educational philosophy and Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in climate control, lighting, and ventilation. Standardisation produced distinctly similar schools across Queensland with complexes of typical components.[7]
\nThe new building at Prenzlau State School was built to a standard Department of Public Works design (C/T1) by Charles Wilson for £618 and was ready for use in March 1900.[8] Prenzlau State School is characteristic of one of the Department's early timber school designs. It was a lowset, timber-framed and clad building containing a single classroom, with verandahs front and back and an enclosed annexe attached to the rear verandah, used as a hat room and lavatory. The classroom was vented by a roof ventilator in the centre of the hipped roof and square, latticed panels in the coved ceiling. The interior was lit by windows in the verandah walls and banks of high windows in the end walls.[9]
\nThe Queensland education system recognised the importance of play in the school curriculum and, as school sites were typically cleared of all vegetation, the provision of all-weather outdoor space was needed. Playsheds were designed as free-standing shelters, with fixed timber seating between posts and earth or decomposed granite floors that provided covered play space and doubled as teaching space when required These structures were timber-framed and generally open sided, although some were partially enclosed with timber boards or corrugated galvanised iron sheets.[10] The hipped (or less frequently, gabled) roofs were clad with timber shingles or corrugated iron. Playsheds were a typical addition to state schools across Queensland between c1880s and the 1950s, although less frequently constructed after c1909, with the introduction of highset school buildings with understorey play areas. Built to standard designs, playsheds ranged in size relative to student numbers.[11] In 1910, a six-post timber playshed with a hipped roof was built at Prenzlau State School by C Ridsdale of Rosewood for £36.10s. Pupil numbers in this period averaged more than 50 per day.[12] The playshed was a characteristic example of a six-post type, with light timber framing.[13]
\nDevelopment of the Prenzlau area was steady. The Queensland Post Office Directory in 1911 recorded 27 farmers at Prenzlau and the census recorded a population of 55. Between 1906 and 1913, the Back Plains Dairy Company and the Hillside Cooperative Cattle Dip Company Limited operated in the area.[14]
\nIn 1921, after several years of lobbying by the School Committee about the unsuitability of the school's hilly site, and despite declining pupil numbers, the Department of Public Instruction, through the Lands Department, resumed land for a new school reserve. The owner, Mr Ruhl, was paid £30 as compensation.[15]
\nSubsequently, in 1923, the school building and playshed were moved to the new site about 300 metres to the northeast for £367. The removal of the buildings was completed in July 1923 and the school re-opened on 9 July 1923. A photograph of the opening shows the existing school building, now highset on timber stumps, with its roof ventilator, weatherboard walls, dowel balustrade and lattice corner panels.[16] The Department of Public Works had greatly improved the natural ventilation and lighting of classroom interiors over time, experimenting with different combinations of roof ventilators, ceiling and wall vents, larger windows, dormer windows and ducting. Achieving an ideal or even adequate level of natural light in classrooms, without glare, was of critical importance to educators and consequently it became central to the design and layout of all school buildings. Existing lowset teaching buildings, like at Prenzlau State School, were raised for increased ventilation with the added benefit of providing a covered play space in the understorey.[17] Reflecting these changes in education standards and philosophy, the key modifications to the Prenzlau teaching building on its new site included elevating it to become highset, lining the interior walls and enlarging the area of windows in the end walls.[18]
\nRepairs and improvements to the school took place periodically. In July 1927, the Education Department authorised repairs to the school and teacher's residence - undertaken by Messrs Profke and Hohnke of Marburg.[19] Prenzlau School Committee formed a working-bee on 5 October 1937 ‘to level off and put down an ant-bed cricket pitch in the school ground'.[20] The following month another ‘working bee to level the ground under the school and make drains to divert the water that usually runs there' occurred.[21] Meanwhile, in October 1937, August Luther of Coolana, was the successful tender for ‘walling-in of the basement of the Prenzlau State School building and the draining of the tank overflows'.[22]
\nWorld War II affected many schools. Typically, they were a focus for civilian duty during wartime,[23] and Prenzlau State School was no different - acting as a Ration Book Issuing Centre in June 1942.[24] The Golden Jubilee of the school's opening was celebrated in a low-key manner in 1944.[25]
\nThe immediate post-World War II years were a time for improvements. Estimates for the erection of a tennis court of £40-50 were received in 1946, but it was not until a working bee in April 1951 that the tennis court was completed.[26] Meanwhile, on 31 July 1948, an honour board with the names of those from the district who served in WWII was unveiled. Constructed by Frank Olkers of Lowood, the honour board was erected by the School Committee and funded by Prenzlau Progress Association.[27] A report of the unveiling event stated that all those listed on the board were past scholars of the Prenzlau School. In 1949 the exterior of the school was painted.[28] Electricity was connected to the school in September 1952.[29] The roof was replaced after cyclonic winds unroofed the school in June 1954; and the northern portion of the east verandah was enclosed to house a library in 1959.[30] In this year also, a new teacher's residence was built (removed post-2005) and the old residence demolished.[31] In 1962 at a cost of £40, alterations to the school included resurfacing of the tennis court.[32]
\nThe provision of outdoor play space was a result of the early and continuing commitment to play-based education, particularly in primary school. Trees and gardens were planted as part of the beautification of schools. In the 1870s, schools inspector William Boyd was critical of tropical schools and amongst his recommendations stressed the importance of the adding shade trees to playgrounds. In addition, Arbor Day celebrations began in Queensland in 1890. Landscape elements were often constructed to standard designs and were intrinsic to Queensland Government education philosophies. Educators believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds the value of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes, and inspired people to stay on the land. Aesthetically designed gardens were encouraged by regional inspectors.[33]
\nPrenzlau State School's grounds retain a number of mature trees of significance. Arbor Day was celebrated at the school until at least 1961. Plantings included ‘an \"Anzac\" tree to ‘commemorate the gallantry of our Gallipoli heroes'[34] at the former school site. In February 1924 the head teacher planted several native trees, mainly Crow's Ash (Flindersia australis) in the new school grounds; and in October of the same year, a tree planting ceremony was held for Arbor Day.[35] In 1934, a Leopard tree (Caesalpinnea ferrea), presented by the Head Teacher of Tarampa School, from that school's forestry plot, was planted in honour of the late Squadron-Leader Bert Hinkler. Two coral trees, a Queensland nut (macadamia) and a Leopard tree were planted by members of the school committee at a Jubilee Arbor Day in May 1951; two mango trees, one leopard tree and one macadamia tree were planted in the following year; and in 1953, two pines and a jacaranda were planted.[36] Remaining on site in 2015 are two Crow's Ash (Flindersia australis) to the west of the playshed, which date from pre-1944; the row of Crow's Ash and a She-oak (Casuarinacece) along the southern extent of the western boundary; and one Leopard tree (Caesalpinnea ferrea) near the southwestern corner of the school grounds. The two Jacaranda trees (Jacaranda mimosifolia) onsite appear to have been in-situ by 1959.[37] There are other mature shade trees on the site, which cannot be dated from the historical records.
\nThe school grounds retain remnants of a forestry plot, established between 1970 and 1982, planted in the northeast corner of the school grounds.[38] Seventeen Hoop Pines (Araucaria cunninghamii) remain.
\nIn 1973, the School Committee was asked to show cause why the school should not be closed because there were only 9 pupils enrolled. A deputation to the Education Department argued that within a few years the number of primary school children in the district would markedly increase. The decision to close the school was postponed.[39]
\nCentenary celebrations in 1994 included a centenary publication and entrance gates.[40]
\nIn 2015, the school continues to operate from its 1923 site. It retains the Department of Public Works teaching building, the playshed and mature shade trees. The school is important to the area, having been a focus for the community, and generations of Prenzlau students have been taught there. Since establishment it has been a key social focus for the Prenzlau community with the grounds and building having been the location of many social events.
","criteria":"Prenzlau State School (established in 1894 as a provisional school) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland. It retains excellent examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government educational philosophies. At Prenzlau State School these standard designs are: a Department of Public Works-designed teaching building (1900) demonstrating the evolution of timber schools buildings to provide adequate lighting and ventilation; and a playshed (1910), which demonstrates the education system's recognition of the importance of play in the curriculum; set within school grounds containing significant mature shade trees.
\nThe World War II Honour Board located in the teaching building is important in demonstrating the school community's involvement in a major world event. War memorials, including honour boards, are a tribute to those who served, and those who died, from a particular community. They are an important element of Queensland's towns and cities and are also important in demonstrating a common pattern of commemoration across Queensland and Australia.
|Prenzlau State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of Queensland state schools with their later modifications. These include: timber-framed buildings constructed to standard designs by the Queensland Government; and generous, landscaped sites with mature shade trees, play areas and sporting facilities. The school is a good example of a modest, regional school complex.
\nThe Department of Public Works-designed building (1900) is an excellent, intact example of a regional timber school and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type. It retains its hipped roof with ventilation fleche; early timber joinery; single large classroom with generous verandahs (now enclosed); rear annexe; coved ceiling; and single skin verandah walls. Changing philosophies about improving ventilation and lighting of classroom interiors are evident in the modifications made to the building, which include its conversion to a highset form and enlarged areas of windows.
\nThe playshed (1910) retains its hipped timber-framed roof supported on six, braced timber posts.
|Schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain significant and enduring connections with former pupils, parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations.
\nPrenzlau State School has a strong and ongoing association with the Prenzlau community. It was established in 1894 through the fundraising efforts of the local community and generations of Prenzlau children have been educated there. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of Prenzlau and is a prominent community focal point and gathering place for social and commemorative events with widespread community support.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion G","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons"}, {"heritage_type":"State Heritage","site_id":null,"place_ref":650029,"name":"Colinton War Memorial","alternate_name":null,"street_address":"cnr D'Aguilar Highway and Emu Creek Road","suburb":"COLINTON","lga":"SOMERSET REGIONAL COUNCIL","register_entry_date":"2016-07-15","description":"The Colinton War Memorial is located within Colinton Memorial Park, a triangular shaped 0.3ha (approx.) area on the corner of D’Aguilar Highway (to the northeast) and Emu Creek Road (to the northwest), at Colinton, in the upper Brisbane Valley. The open park setting contains grassed areas and shade trees of various species, and is bounded to the south by paddocks. Set back from the intersection, the memorial is orientated east-west and faces north.
\nThe memorial stands approximately three metres high and comprises a white marble panel framed by a carved sandstone base, columns and aedicule.
\nThe moulded, stepped base is ‘I’-shaped in plan and has bevelled corners. The square columns are stop-chamfered and flank the marble panel, which is visible from two sides. The front of the panel reads “COLINTON HONOUR ROLL” and lists the names of 43 men from the district who served in WWI, in two columns (25 on the left and 18 on the right) roughly in the order they enlisted.
\nThe decorative aedicule has a moulded cornice and is mirrored on the north and south faces. It comprises an arched pediment with the inscription “OUR BOYS” above a laurel wreath set within the tympanum, and a gabled ridge, which is capped with an edge roll and terminates with tracery infills above the columns. The aedicule is topped with an urn that has bevelled corners.
\nThe modern concrete slab, flagpole, metal posts and chains surrounding the memorial are not of heritage significance.
","history":"The Colinton War Memorial (1917), located in road reserve on the southwestern corner of Emu Creek Road and the D’Aguilar Highway at Colinton in the upper Brisbane Valley, is a sandstone and marble memorial to the men of Colinton and district who served during World War I (WWI). This stone memorial board by well-known monumental masons F Williams and Co. is the earliest WWI memorial monument known to be erected in Queensland. It is important in demonstrating Queensland's involvement in a major world event and has a special association with the upper Brisbane Valley community.
\nThe upper Brisbane Valley was settled by squatters in the 1840s and was initially used for depasturing sheep, but later for cattle. Colinton Run, taken up by the Balfour Brothers (John, Charles and Robert) in 1841, included the site of Colinton War Memorial.[1] The original Colinton Station was made up of six leases: Colinton East and West, Mt Stanley East, Mt Stanley West, Diaper and Altyre, comprising covered 336,000 acres (135,974 ha).[2]
\nCloser settlement in the Brisbane Valley began in the 1870s. Colinton Run was reduced when the resumption of 94,080 acres (38,083 ha) from Colinton East and West took place in 1876.[3] As a result of land clearance by the selectors in the upper Brisbane Valley, a timber industry flourished, with one of the first sawmills being established at Colinton in the 1870s.[4]
\nSufficient settlement of the Brisbane Valley had taken place by 1877 for inspection of the land for a rail route from Walloon, via Esk and Nanango, to Gympie. The first section of the Brisbane Valley Branch Line, to Lowood, opened on 16 June 1884 while the second section, to Esk, opened on 9 August 1886; where the terminus remained for 17 years. During the 1880s closer settlement of the Brisbane Valley intensified with more land resumed from pastoral stations and settled.[5] Further reduction of Colinton Station took place in 1904 when the Colinton Estate was sold as 145 farms ranging from 100-3648 acres (40-1476 ha) in size and suitable for dairying and agriculture.[6]
\nDairy farming had commenced in the Brisbane Valley in the late 19th century, aided by the advancing Brisbane Valley Branch Rail line, which transported farm produce to dairy factories. The first of these was established at Lowood in 1890.[7]
\nAs a result of closer settlement, the township of Colinton formed as a service town for its surrounding agricultural community. In the Queensland Post Office Directory of 1900, three people were listed as residents of Colinton.[8] In 1907 Colinton Provisional School opened nearby in Emu Creek Road, and T H Moore of nearby Colinton Station helped establish the Standard Dairy Company Limited condensery, when he presented the company with its factory site at Colinton.[9]
\nThe Standard Dairy Company became a well-known condensed milk producer in Queensland early in the 20th century and played an important role in the settlement and progress of the Colinton district. It had opened a condensed milk factory at Wyreema on the Darling Downs before 1906.[10] Its second factory opened at Colinton on 15 February 1908, located on the north bank of Emu Creek beside the main road between Kilcoy and Blackbutt.[11] The company stated that ‘thousands of pounds have been invested in the building and plant [and the condensery was] one of the most complete, largest, and fully equipped in the Commonwealth… capable of treating 10,000 gallons of milk per day’.[12] The condensed milk factory made ‘Prairie’ milk from the district’s dairy produce.[13] From December 1909, nearby Nurinda railway station loaded goods to and from the factory.[14]
\nAt the outbreak of WWI, Colinton was a growing township. In that year, 27 people were listed there for postal purposes, of which 22 were dairy farmers. The 1911 census for Colinton district had recorded a population of 213. The Standard Dairy Co. Ltd’s condensery in the township received the produce of about 44 dairy farmers and provided employment at the factory for at least 40 locals. Photographic evidence of Colinton from 1914 and 1915 shows: about a dozen houses; two stores; and a School of Arts (1911-12), which was located north of Emu Creek, opposite the condensery.[15]
\nGiven its population of a little over 200, Colinton’s enlistment response was substantial. By January 1917, 44 Colinton men had successfully enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF).[16]
\nThe plan to establish Colinton War Memorial to recognise their war service was initiated in May 1916. “[A] meeting was held to decide in what way to best place on record the excellent response the district has made to the call of the Empire, there having been 46 [sic] good men accepted for service from Colinton and the surrounding district. It has been practically decided to erect a marble slab, bearing the names of those who have volunteered”.[17] In August 1916 Joseph H Frisby, secretary of the Colinton Honour Board Committee, was granted permission by the Esk Shire Council to erect an honour board at the Colinton School of Arts, which was the social hub of the town and district, where meetings, dances, balls, and send-offs and memorials for soldiers were held.[18]
\nOn 18 January 1917, the Colinton Honour Board [Colinton War Memorial] was unveiled by the local member of parliament, H P Somerset, MLA. The stone honour board was located directly in front of the Colinton School of Arts, facing north.[19]
\nColinton War Memorial is the earliest WWI memorial of the monument type known to have been erected in Queensland.[20] At the time of its unveiling, the memorial was ‘believed to be the first of its kind in the State’. The stone honour board was described as follows: ‘[t]he base, pillars and crown are of sandstone, the centre being of white marble, on which are inscribed the names of the volunteers.’[21] ‘It is between 10 and 11 feet in height [3-3.3 m], the slab in the centre being marble, and the rest sandstone. The cost was subscribed by the residents of Colinton (Queensland).’[22]
\nNo state government other than Victoria’s made direct grants for local WWI memorials except for the building of halls, hospitals and schools which were eligible for public money whether or not they were memorials.[23] Fund-raising for local war memorials was thus a voluntary community effort, as was the case at Colinton.
\nThe decision about whose names should appear on a war memorial varied across Australia. While some only listed the dead, many also listed those who returned from service. War memorial committees were also lobbied to consider including people who missed military service for various reasons.[24] In Colinton’s case, the memorial was created to honour all the men of their community who volunteered to serve, and they were affectionately called ‘Our Boys’ on the memorial.
\nWWI memorials took a variety of forms in Australia, including honour boards (from 1915), stone monuments (including obelisks, soldier statues, arches, crosses, columns, urns, or slabs – such as the one at Colinton), tree-lined memorial avenues, memorial parks, and utilitarian structures such as gates, halls and clocks. In Queensland the soldier statue was the most popular choice of monument, while the obelisk predominated in southern states.[25] Australia's first permanent WWI memorial to honour the men from a particular community was unveiled at Balmain, NSW on 23 April 1916.[26]
\nThe Colinton War Memorial was designed and executed by Frank Williams, of F Williams and Co. monumental stone masons, of East & Limestone Streets, Ipswich. Frank Williams was a well-known and respected monumental mason whose firm operated from 1901 until 1945.[27] The firm was noted for ecclesastical marble work and supplied memorials throughout Queensland. It was responsible for about 15 war memorials in southeast Queensland and was also commissioned to create 179 headstones for the graves of WWI soldiers and sailors throughout Queensland.[28] Frank Williams’ reputation as a monumental mason was such that well-known sculptor Daphne Mayo learnt the art of carving from him in 1919, prior to travelling to London on Queensland’s first traveling art scholarship.[29]
\nLike all Australian communities, Colinton was affected by the impact of WWI. Of the 330,770 Australians who embarked for overseas service in WWI, 58,961 died and 170,909 were wounded, went missing or became prisoners of war. This meant that around 69% of embarked personnel became casualties - or 21% of eligible Australian males.[30] To date, no previous or subsequent war has had such an impact on Australia in terms of loss of life; almost every community in every Australian state lost young people. Even before the end of hostilities, memorials were being erected by Australian communities to honour local people who had served and/or died. These memorials were a spontaneous and highly visible means of honouring those who served and expressing national grief; substitute graves for the Australians whose bodies lay in battlefield cemeteries in Europe and the Middle East.
\nThe Colinton War Memorial lists 43 men who enlisted from the district, although 44 had enlisted.[31] Of these, only 13 returned to Colinton or its adjacent districts at the end of WWI and in 1922 only five of these were still working in the district.[32]
\nFollowing WWI, enormous change occurred at Colinton. The Standard Dairy Company Limited announced in December 1919 that its Colinton condensery would be moved to Nerang.[33] However, in August 1920 it was reported as still operating at Colinton.[34] The move was completed by June the following year, when Nestle and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. (Australia) Ltd was formed to acquire the Australasian business of Nestle and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, as well as Bacchus Marsh Concentrated Milk Co. Pty Ltd, the Standard Dairy Co. Ltd (with factories at Wyreema, Wellcamp and Nerang) and Australian Milk Products Ltd.[35] The Nestle Company condensery at Toogoolawah took over the Colinton factory’s milk supply.[36]
\nThe closing down of the Colinton condensery impacted upon the township.[37] In 1919-20 there were 37 residents listed for Colinton in the Queensland Post Office Directory.[38] Despite the continuation of dairying as an important industry in the Brisbane Valley, the 1933 census showed a decline in the Colinton district’s population to 181.[39]
\nThe decline of dairy farming dates from the 1950s as factories closed and dairymen turned to cattle production.[40] After World War II dairy production in Queensland followed the national shift from cream, butter and cheese production to the supply of pasteurized bulk milk, made possible by improvements to rural roads and in road transportation.[41] Stricter regulations for the running of dairies, lower prices, the loss of the British market, and foreign imports also took their toll. Many farmers either switched to bulk milk production or left the dairy industry altogether.
\nBy the 1950s there were only a few homes and businesses left at Colinton.[42] This decline was no doubt exacerbated by the re-alignment of the Brisbane Valley Highway (now D’Aguilar Highway) in the late 1950s further to the south of that part of the township lying southeast of Emu Creek.[43] By 1971 there were no houses left in the township, although a general store operated beside the re-aligned highway.[44]
\nFollowing the 1974 flood – which did not affect the Colinton War Memorial, but did result in upgrading of the adjacent highway – the Esk Shire Council relocated the war memorial from its site near Emu Creek to its current position in the road reserve at the corner of Emu Creek Road and the D’Aguilar Highway.[45]
\nToday the locality of Colinton has a service station on the southern side of the highway and the Colinton Memorial Park, where the Colinton War Memorial stands. The Colinton area and the neighbouring town of Moore have a combined population of about 315. Colinton War Memorial, although lacking a surrounding township, is the focus of occasional community commemorations and is recognised and visited by passing motorists travelling the adjacent D’Aguilar Highway. It has been the subject of artistic rendition by well-known photographer, Richard Stringer and artist, Lyn Felman.
","criteria":"The Colinton War Memorial, unveiled in 1917, is important in demonstrating Queensland's involvement in a major world event. World War I (WWI) memorials are a tribute from a particular community to those who served and those who died. They are an important feature of Queensland's towns and cities and are also important in demonstrating a common pattern of commemoration across Queensland and Australia.
\nThe stone honour board at Colinton is the first WWI memorial monument known to be erected in Queensland.
|The Colinton War Memorial is a good example of a well-designed and finely crafted WWI memorial. Designed and built by monumental stone masons Frank Williams & Co., its decorative treatments include classical references typical of WWI memorials and symbolising honour (columns), death (urn) and mourning (wreath).
\nIt is a rare and early example of a stone honour board in Queensland and a fine example of the work of the well-regarded Queensland firm of monumental masons, Frank Williams & Co.
|Colinton War Memorial is of aesthetic significance for its high level of workmanship, materials and design.
\nStanding alone in a rural landscape without evidence of the community that created it, Colinton War Memorial evokes a sense of loss of both the soldiers it commemorates and their township.
|The Colinton War Memorial, funded by community subscription, has a strong and special association with the people of the upper Brisbane Valley. Commemorations at the Colinton War Memorial reflect the wider reverence felt for war memorials across Australia, as a focus of reflection and tribute.
","criteria_letters":"Criterion A | Criterion D | Criterion E | Criterion G","criteria_definitions":"The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history | The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places | The place is important because of its aesthetic significance | The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons"} ]}