--- title: Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode, Australia resource: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/ publisher: Department of Health, Disability and Ageing licence: CC BY 2.5 AU licence_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/ version: 2025-11-06 rows: 15999 fields: 7 source: https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/f50d81d1-59e0-417f-858b-808ca5550cdd/resource/2fcfd12a-2aef-49b1-a4b6-650ea5a85197/download/mmm23_sal21_poa21.xlsx source_sha256: 1d28d596c30f891c448674d2658dceab403b8cec58371beaa13529ede1d5d218 language: en-AU operator: National Digital not_endorsed: true --- # Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode, Australia The Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness category of every Australian suburb and locality, with its postal area and the area in each category, from the Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Published by Department of Health, Disability and Ageing under CC BY 2.5 AU and republished here in other formats, with cells typed and suppressed values made null. Department of Health, Disability and Ageing has not endorsed this site. Also called: MMM classification by postcode, Modified Monash Model 2023 lookup, Rural and remote classification by suburb, MM 1 to MM 7 by locality. ## Download Latest version, redirects to `https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/`: - csv: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.csv (1.2 MB) - xlsx: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.xlsx (818 KB) - json: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.json (2.8 MB) - parquet: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.parquet (475 KB) - sqlite: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.sqlite (1.2 MB) - duckdb: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.duckdb (800 KB) - ndjson: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.ndjson (2.8 MB) - arrow: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.arrow (494 KB) - csv.gz: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.csv.gz (390 KB) Pinned version 2025-11-06: `https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/data.`. Dated versions never change. ## Query The query API returns only the rows you ask for, as JSON, NDJSON or CSV, from the same typed rows as the files. It needs no key. Rows: https://publicdata.au/api/v1/datasets/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/rows. Counts and sums: https://publicdata.au/api/v1/datasets/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/aggregate. - Rows: https://publicdata.au/api/v1/datasets/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/rows?mmm_2023=eq.7&limit=5 - Aggregate: https://publicdata.au/api/v1/datasets/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/aggregate?group=state&metric=count&mmm_2023=eq.7 Each filter is `field=operator.value` in the query string, and every filter must match. A number or date field compares as a number or date, and a text field compares as text. Values are case-sensitive except with `ilike`. Prefix `not.` to negate a filter, as `not.eq.value`. Operators: `eq.value`, `neq.value`, `gt.value`, `gte.value`, `lt.value`, `lte.value`, `like.*text*`, `ilike.*text*`, `in.(a,b,c)`, `is.null`. - `select`: Fields to return, comma-separated. Every field when absent. - `order`: `field.asc` or `field.desc`, comma-separated. The publisher's row order when absent. - `limit`: Rows per page, 1 to 10,000. 100 when absent. - `offset`: Rows to skip. The `next` URL in each answer sets it for you. - `group`: On `aggregate`, fields to group by, comma-separated. - `metric`: On `aggregate`, `count`, `sum.field`, `avg.field`, `min.field` or `max.field`, comma-separated. `count` when absent. - `format`: `json`, `ndjson` or `csv`. JSON carries the provenance header, and the others carry it in response headers. Without a version the API answers from the newest loaded version, and that answer changes when the publisher releases again. Put `versions//` before `rows` or `aggregate` for an answer that never changes. `/api/v1/datasets//versions` lists the loaded versions. The API allows 60 requests in 10 seconds from one address. Above that it answers 429 for 10 seconds with a `Retry-After` header, a `RateLimit-Policy` header and a JSON body that gives the limit. Every API answer carries the same `RateLimit-Policy`. A client should wait the `Retry-After` seconds, or read the files, which have no limit. OpenAPI for this dataset: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/openapi.json ## Explore Charts and dashboards in the browser: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/explore/. A dashboard can be shared as a link or embedded. ## Fields | field | type | publisher's header | note | |---|---|---|---| | `sal_2021_code` | string | SAL 2021 Code | | | `sal_2021_name` | string | SAL 2021 Name | | | `sal_area_sqkm` | number | SAL 2021 Area (km2) | | | `poa_2021_code` | integer | POA 2021 Code | | | `mmm_2023` | integer | MMM 2023 | | | `mmm_area_sqkm` | number | MMM 2023 Area in SAL 2021 (km2) | | | `state` | string | State | | Key: `sal_2021_code, mmm_2023`. ## Versions - 2025-11-06: 15999 rows, 7 fields, sha256 1d28d596c30f. https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/ Machine-readable: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/versions.json, https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/changes.json, https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/datapackage.json, https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/schema.json, https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/history.tar.zst ## Same subject, other publishers - [Air quality monitoring by hour, ACT](https://publicdata.au/d/act-air-quality/) (ACT) - [Deaths by suicide by state and age group, five-year periods, Australia](https://publicdata.au/d/au-suicide-deaths-by-age/) (Cth) - [Deaths by suicide by state, sex and year, Australia](https://publicdata.au/d/au-suicide-deaths-by-state/) (Cth) - [Hospitals, Local Hospital Networks and Primary Health Networks in MyHospitals, Australia](https://publicdata.au/d/au-hospitals-myhospitals/) (Cth) - [Emergency department busyness by day and hour, Queensland](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-emergency-department-busyness/) (Qld) - [Notifiable diseases by quarter, Queensland, 2010 to 2014](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-notifiable-diseases-2010-2014/) (Qld) - [Public dental waiting lists by clinic, Queensland, latest quarter](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-public-dental-waiting-lists/) (Qld) - [Elective surgery by specialty and hospital, Queensland, September quarter 2025](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-elective-surgery-by-specialty/) (Qld) - [Elective surgery by urgency category and hospital, Queensland, September quarter 2025](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-elective-surgery-by-category/) (Qld) - [Public hospital emergency departments and minor injury clinics, Queensland, live list](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-emergency-department-facilities/) (Qld) - [People waiting and median waits in emergency departments, Queensland, live](https://publicdata.au/d/qld-emergency-department-waits-now/) (Qld) - [Public hospital locations, South Australia](https://publicdata.au/d/sa-public-hospitals/) (SA) ## Attribution and citation Department of Health, Disability and Ageing, Australian Government, Suburbs and Localities (SAL) 2021 - Postal Areas (POA) 2021 - Modified Monash Model 2023, sourced 3 October 2026, https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/suburbs-and-localities-sal-2021-postal-areas-poa-2021-modified-monash-model2023, licensed under CC BY 2.5 AU. The licence requires the publisher's attribution. We ask that you also name publicdata.au and link to the version you used. Plain text: Department of Health, Disability and Ageing, Australian Government, Suburbs and Localities (SAL) 2021 - Postal Areas (POA) 2021 - Modified Monash Model 2023, sourced 3 October 2026, https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/suburbs-and-localities-sal-2021-postal-areas-poa-2021-modified-monash-model2023, licensed under CC BY 2.5 AU. Serialised and versioned by National Digital at publicdata.au, https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/ Harvard: Department of Health, Disability and Ageing (2025) Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode, Australia, version 2025-11-06 [data set], CC BY 2.5 AU, sourced 3 October 2026. Serialised and versioned by National Digital at publicdata.au. Available at: https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/ Markdown: Data: [Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode, Australia](https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/suburbs-and-localities-sal-2021-postal-areas-poa-2021-modified-monash-model2023), Department of Health, Disability and Ageing, [CC BY 2.5 AU](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/), sourced 3 October 2026. Files: [publicdata.au](https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/) by [National Digital](https://nationaldigital.com.au/). ## Questions ### How do I download Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode as a CSV file? Open https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/latest/data.csv. It redirects to the newest dated version, which is https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/data.csv today. The same path serves Excel, JSON, Parquet, SQLite, DuckDB, NDJSON, Arrow. A dated URL never changes, so use it when the file must stay the same. ### Can I open Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode in Excel? Yes. https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/data.xlsx is a workbook with the 15,999 rows on a records sheet, the field list on a second sheet and the provenance on a third. The CSV also opens in Excel. https://publicdata.au/d/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb/v/2025-11-06/data.csv.gz is the CSV at about a tenth of the size. ### How often is Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode updated? Health releases it after each Census. This site checks the portal every week and adds a dated version when the file changes. ### Can I use Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode commercially? Yes. CC BY 2.5 AU allows commercial use, redistribution and derived works as long as the attribution is kept. The attribution string is in this page's side column and inside every file. ### Is this the official source for Modified Monash Model 2023 remoteness by suburb and postcode? No. The publisher is Department of Health, Disability and Ageing, and its page is https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/suburbs-and-localities-sal-2021-postal-areas-poa-2021-modified-monash-model2023. This site republishes the publisher's file without changing its content. The original sits beside every version as source.xlsx with its SHA-256, so the two can be compared. ### What is in each row? One ABS suburb or locality of 2021, the postal area it falls in, and one Modified Monash Model 2023 category found within it, with the area of the suburb in that category. A suburb that spans two categories has a row for each. ### What do the MMM categories mean? The Modified Monash Model ranks places from MM 1, metropolitan areas, to MM 7, very remote communities, by remoteness and town size. The department uses it for health workforce programs and rural incentives. A practice's own classification is set by its street address in the department's locator, so a suburb split across categories needs that check. ### Why do some postcodes have three digits? The department's workbook stores postcodes as numbers, so Northern Territory postcodes such as 0800 appear as 800. They are kept as published. ## What this site did to the data Cells were typed, headers were renamed to snake_case and the encoding was made UTF-8. Rows were left alone. Nothing is derived. The publisher's file is beside every version as `source.xlsx`. ## Improve this dataset This page is built from [register/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb.yaml](https://github.com/National-Digital/publicdata.au/blob/main/register/au-modified-monash-model-by-suburb.yaml) on GitHub, and a fix to it is welcome as a pull request. https://publicdata.au/contribute/ explains how.